Child in car alarm system using various sensors

The network service system is increasingly extended as the demand from various of usage is growing. Although many products had been invented, there are still the incidents that involve to death of children which been left in cars often occur. The system is designed in order to overcome this unwanted incident from happening. The proposed system is designed to detect sound or voice and any movement made by the children that had been left behind in a vehicle. The main target of the system is to create a complete system which uses Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) that can communicate with human. GSM modem is the medium to interact and communicate with the module. It is used to send and receive Short Messaging System (SMS) based on which appropriate actions taken by the user. PIC microcontroller performs as heart of whole controlling system. The system at the final stage can be used to detect the sound that had been produced by a human at optimum strength. In addition, it was also able to detect motion that performed by a person and can detect any sounds that produced from inside the car. The system that has generated is expected to continue to expand with concomitant change in time with the developed and equipped with a great technology

Optical fiber proximity sensor for micro distance measurement

This paper demonstrates an optical fiber proximity sensor for micro distance measurement. The optical fiber was used to detect a silver plate which acted as an obstacle. A flat end of a standard single mode optical fiber was functioned to emit the broadband light at near infrared wavelength region and receive the reflected light from the obstacle. The distance between the optical fiber and the obstacle was varied from 0μm to 400 μm. We experimentally characterized the sensor sensitivity based on their free spectral range. The optical fiber tip has shown its potential for proximity sensing application with sensitivity value of 0.0199 nm μm and regression value up to 0.9126

Preliminary evaluation of indoor thermal comfort in Malaysia heritage mosque

Malaysia heritage buildings are the country's architectural gems. Among them is the religious building such as mosque. The Malaysia heritage mosque is normally built in response to the local culture and environment. Unlike most of Malaysia modern mosques where air conditioning is opted as ventilation mode, the heritage mosques achieve indoor thermal comfort via the passive architectural design. Due to that, this study was executed with the purpose of investigating the indoor thermal comfort of a Malaysia heritage mosque located at traditional street in Melaka, namely Masjid Tanah. The methodology used in the study was field measurement, in which the parameters measured were the indoor and outdoor air temperatures. The field measurement was conducted for two days in the end of March and early of April 2018, from 9 am to 4 pm. The indoor predicted comfort temperature was derived using the adaptive model. The findings indicated that the measured indoor air temperatures were lower than the indoor predicted comfort temperatures at most of the time. Therefore, it shows that the passive architectural design adopted by the Malaysia heritage mosque, which is Masjid Tanah, is able to provide indoor thermal comfort to the users

A novel method for the preparation of β,γ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds

α,β-Unsatd. carbonyl compds. were cyclized with sulfonium ylides, the carbonyl compds. so formed were converted to alcs. by either using LiAlH4 or Grignard reagents. The alcs. were oxidized to β,γ-unsatd. carbonyl compds. using pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), dichloromethane and water. Thus prepd. were 46-57% BzCH2CH:C(R)Ph (R = H, Ph, CH2Ph, p-tolyl)

Polyacrylonitrile grafted cassava starch and its chemical modification with hydroxylamine hydrochloride

The graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) onto cassava starch (CS) with sodium bisulphite and potassium persulphate (KPS) as initiators was prepared. AN was grafted with gelatinized cassava at 70°C via redox method. The monomer ratios and reaction temperature were varied to obtain the maximum grafting efficiency and high grafted yield. The maximum grafting efficiency (91%) and grafted yield (93%) were attained at 50°C with ratio AN:CS 3:1 in 3 h. Poly(AN-grafted (g)-CS) was then modified with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH.HCl) to convert the nitrile group into absorbing characteristic properties. The poly(AN-g-CS) and amidoxime-modified poly(AN-g-CS) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brauner-Emmet-Teller. The IR spectra proved that the grafting of AN onto CS was successful and the poly(AN-g-CS) was successfully modified with NH2OH.HCl. It was shown that the specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of CS were increased from 54.75 m2.g–1, 245.39 m2.g–1,0.336cm3.g–1 to 0.843 cm3.g–1 and 3.95 nm to 13.02 nm, respectively. TGA analysis proved that poly(AN-g-CS) and amidoxime-modified poly(AN-g-CS) are thermally more stable compared to CS

Liquid level monitoring with single layered rubber diaphragm fibre Bragg grating sensor

Liquid level monitoring is essential for the industry. Conventional electronic sensor for this application is susceptible to electrical and heat conductivity that is risky for flammable substances. Hence, this paper introduces a single-layered rubber diaphragm fiber Bragg grating sensor to overcome this matter. In this experiment, the sensor used a straining mechanism as a sensing effect to monitor the liquid level ranging from 0-1200 ml. The result shows that the Bragg wavelength shifted towards the longer region when increasing the liquid level. The sensor exhibited an average sensitivity of 0.0042 nm/ml and average linearity of 96.376%, promising a good result for liquid level monitoring

Graphene coated optical fiber tip sensor for nitrate sensing application

An optical fiber tip sensing probe coated with graphene is proposed for nitrate-sensing application. The sensor was coated with graphene using dip-casting method to detect nitrate at different concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 ppm. The graphene-coated fiber tip sensor was highly sensitive in detecting nitrate ion. When the concentration of the nitrate solution was dropped onto the sensing region, the reflected optical power decreased as the nitrate concentration increased. Without the graphene layer, the uncoated fiber tip sensor only had a sensitivity of 0.0076 dBm/ppm. However, the coated sensor's sensitivity was significantly enhanced to 0.0624 dBm/ppm, eight times higher than the uncoated fiber tip sensor, mainly due to the adsorption of nitrate on the graphene surface. This graphene-coated optical fiber tip sensor has a high potential to be used in nitrate-sensing applications