Error corrections in children with ADHD and DCD

The present study examines the ability of 10 to 12 year old ADHD, DCD and comorbid ADHD/DCD children to update discrete step tracking responses to a superseding stimulus. These groups were compared to a comparison group for responses to crossed or uncrossed step stimuli. In crossed step situation, target stepped to 101.60 mm of either side of homebase and then to the opposite side. In uncrossed step situation, target first stepped to a position 203.20 mm to the right and then to either 101.60 mm or 50.80 mm from homebase. Interstep intervals were 40, 140 and 220 msec. Data were analysed in relation to amplitude transition function. When responding to crossed step stimuli, all groups produced a bimodal reaction time (RT) distribution. Responses made directly to the second step position were associated with longer RTs. This result suggests that these children were able to inhibit a response in one direction and reprogrammed the response in the opposite direction. For uncrossed stimuli, initial response amplitude varied systematically as a function of determinant time interval (DTI). For intermediate amplitude responses, DTI did not change as a function of the amplitude of the second step. The results are consistent with the continuous updating or averaging of error information. Since the corrective response was accurate with respect to second target, the results suggest all groups had recourse to an efference copy. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms available to children for updating visuo-spatial error information

The influence of implantation techniques on lesion oriented-outcomes in Absorb BVS and Xience EES lesions treated in routine clinical practice at complete three year follow-up: AIDA trial QCA substudy

It has been hypothesized that dedicated optimized Absorb BVS implantation techniques might mitigate the risk of adverse events such as target vessel

Pre-PCI versus immediate post-PCI Impella initiation in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock

BACKGROUND: In selected patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by Cardiogenic shock (CS), mechanical circulatory support with Impella may be beneficial, although conclusive evidence is still lacking. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that Impella initiation prior to primary PCI might improve survival. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect pre-PCI versus immediate post-PCI Impella initiation on short term mortality. METHODS: A prospective, single center, observational study, was performed including all patients with STEMI complicated by CS, treated with primary PCI and Impella. Thirty day mortality was compared between patients with Impella initiation pre-PCI and immediately post-PCI. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were included. In the pre-PCI group (n = 21), admission heart rate was lower (84 versus 94 bpm, p = 0.04) and no IABP was implanted before Impella initiation, versus 17.9% in post-PCI group (n = 67), p = 0.04. Total 30-day all-cause mortality was 58%, and was lower in pre-PCI group, 47.6% versus 61.2% in the post-PCI group, however not statistically significant (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.3-1.3, p = 0.21). Thirty-day cardiac mortality was significantly lower in the pre-PCI group, 19% versus 44.7% in the post-PCI group (HR 0.3, 95% CI 0.09-0.96, p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Pre-PCI Impella initiation in AMICS patients was not associated with a statistically significant difference in 30-day all-cause mortality, compared to post-PCI Impella initiation

ADHD and DCD: A relationship in need of research

Although the connection between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has been recognized for several decades, little research has examined the relationship between these two disorders. This paper draws attention to the contribution the cognitive-energetic model (CEM) can make in determining the specific nature of these two disorders. An information processing approach such as the CEM is a useful model to identify specific and overlapping mechanisms that are disrupted in these two disorders. This paper describes the CEM and reviews the research so-far in relation to the model. The CEM has several advantages over other models: First, it predicts which task variables will be independent or may interact, thus enabling the investigator to determine the success/failure of the task manipulation(s) and identify spurious findings. Second, the CEM links energetic factors to task variables and predicts both additive and interactive effects. Third, the CEM enables executive processes such as selective attention, working memory and inhibition to be related to both energetic and lower level processes. Fourth, by employing the CEM in clinical research, taxonomy of deficits can be derived enabling further insight into the nature of the disorders and their specific neuropsychological dysfunction. Suggestions are made for future research into the neuropsychological deficits associated with ADHD and DCD. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Error corrections in children with ADHD and DCD

The present study examines the ability of 10 to 12 year old ADHD, DCD and comorbid ADHD/DCD children to update discrete step tracking responses to a superseding stimulus. These groups were compared to a comparison group for responses to crossed or uncrossed step stimuli. In crossed step situation, target stepped to 101.60 mm of either side of homebase and then to the opposite side. In uncrossed step situation, target first stepped to a position 203.20 mm to the right and then to either 101.60 mm or 50.80 mm from homebase. Interstep intervals were 40, 140 and 220 msec. Data were analysed in relation to amplitude transition function. When responding to crossed step stimuli, all groups produced a bimodal reaction time (RT) distribution. Responses made directly to the second step position were associated with longer RTs. This result suggests that these children were able to inhibit a response in one direction and reprogrammed the response in the opposite direction. For uncrossed stimuli, initial response amplitude varied systematically as a function of determinant time interval (DTI). For intermediate amplitude responses, DTI did not change as a function of the amplitude of the second step. The results are consistent with the continuous updating or averaging of error information. Since the corrective response was accurate with respect to second target, the results suggest all groups had recourse to an efference copy. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms available to children for updating visuo-spatial error information

Cognitive and motor function in developmental coordination disorder

Contains fulltext : 221414.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)Aim: To analyse the development of motor skill and executive function in school-aged children with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Method: Using a longitudinal design, 186 children (86 males, 100 females) aged 6 to 11 years at Time 1 were tested over a 2-year period, 52 of whom were diagnosed with DCD at Time 1 (27 males, 25 females; mean age 8y 5mo, SD 1y 6mo) using DSM-5 criteria. The McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development assessed motor status at Time 1 and at 2-year follow-up (Time 2). Executive function was assessed using a well-validated measure, the Groton Maze Learning Test. Results: The DCD cohort at Time 1 had moderate incidence of executive function deficit (41%). Most importantly, at a group level, children with persisting DCD (across Times 1 and 2) also showed significantly lower levels of executive function than children with typical motor development at both time points. At an individual level, around 26% of children in this group had persisting executive function deficits relative to normal ranges of performance. Interpretation: Children with persisting DCD are at significant risk of executive function issues. The combination of motor and cognitive issues as a potential risk factor in the longer-term development of children is discussed.7 p