3 research outputs found
Accident causation and pre-accidental driving situations. Part 3. Summary report
This report aims to present the final results of the descriptive statistical, in-depth and risk analysis
performed within TRACE Work Package âWP2-Type of situationsâ, in order to identify the main
problems and the magnitude of these problems related to accident causation and risk factors for
the following four types of situations: the stabilized situations, the specific manoeuvres, the
intersection situations and the degraded situations.
The different analysis (descriptive, in-depth and risk) of each of these five tasks has been
performed using the available European accident databases within TRACE (national, in-depth
and exposure databases).
The objectives achieved in this WP are:
⢠Identify and quantify accident causation factors associated to particular types of driving and
pre-accidental situations, at a statistical level, by analyzing various available databases in
Europe.
⢠Obtain a focused understanding of accident causation issues related to these types of
situations at an in-depth level by analyzing data from available in-depth databases.
⢠Identify the level of risk associated to these selected types of situation in causing accidents
Accident causation and pre-accidental driving situations. Part 2. In-depth accident causation analysis
WP2 of the European Project TRACE is concerned with âTypes of Situationsâ to analyse the causation
of road traffic accidents from the pre-accidental driving situation point of view. Four complementary
situations were defined: stabilized situations, intersection, specific manoeuvre and degradation
scenario. To reach this objective, the analysis is based on a common methodology composed on 3
steps: the âdescriptive analysisâ which from general statistics will allow to identify among the studied
situations those them relevant and to give their characteristics, the âin-depth analysisâ allowing to
obtain accident causes from the generic description of the problems identified in the previous step and
the risk analysis identifying the risk of being involved in an accident taking into account the results
obtained from the âinâdepthâ level. This report is dedicated to the identification of the accident causes
analysed for the pre-accidental driving situation point of view, i.e. the circumstances in which the
driver is involved just prior the accident. This analysis has been conducted from the scenarios
identified for each type of situation during the descriptive analysis realized in a first part (Report D2.1:
Accident causation and pre-accidental driving situations. Part 1. Overview and general statistics).
These results are based on the study of disaggregated data (in-depth accidents collection databases)
available via WP8 in TRACE. With the identification of the main causes and contributing factor, the
aspect related to the human functional failure has been taken into account. This innovative concept
studied in TRACE WP5, has been used here in order to have a more complete overview of the
problems in working on each road users involved in the accident and not only on the whole accident
Reconsidering accident causation analysis and evaluating the safety benefits of technologies: final results of the TRACE project
The objectives of the EU-funded project TRACE
(TRaffic Accident Causation in Europe, 2006-2008)
are the up-dating of the etiology of road accidents
and the assessment of the safety benefits of
promising technology-based solutions.
The analyses are based on available, reliable and
accessible existing databases (access to which has
been greatly facilitated by a number of partners
highly experienced in safety analysis, coming from 8
different countries and having access to different
kinds of databases, in-depth or regional or national
statistics in their own country).
Apart from considerable improvements in the
methodologies applicable to accident research in the
field of human factors, statistics and epidemiology, allowing a better understanding of the crash
generating issues, the TRACE project quantified the
expected safety benefits for existing and future safety
applications.
As for existing safety functions or safety packages,
the main striking results show that any increment of a
passive or active safety function selected in this
project produces additional safety benefits. In general,
the safety gains are even higher for higher injury
severity levels. For example, if all cars were Euro
NCAP five stars and fitted with EBA and ESC,
compared to four stars without ESC and EBA, injury
accidents would be reduced by 47%, all injuries
would be mitigated by 68% and severe + fatal
injuries by 70%. As for future advanced safety functions, TRACE
investigated 19 safety systems. The results show that
the greatest additional safety gains potential are
expected from intelligent speed adaptation systems,
automatic crash notification systems, and collision
warning and collision avoidance systems. Their
expected benefits (expected reduction in the total
number of injured persons if the fleet is 100%
equipped) are between 6% and 11%. Safety benefits
of other systems are more often below 5%. Some
systems have a very low expected safety benefit
(around or less than 1%)