Emeritus Professor J.N. Hutchinson : Historical Landslide Collection : Great Britain

This report describes a collection of material, field documents, aerial photographs, reports, maps and reference material, which was bequeathed to the British Geological Survey by Professor J. N. Hutchinson. Any material pertaining to Great Britain was sorted into geographical regions and catalogued with the remaining material archived within the National GeoSceince Data Centre to be catalogued at a later date

Selection rules for J^PC Exotic Hybrid Meson Decay in Large-N_c

The coupling of a neutral hybrid {1,3,5...}^-+ exotic particle (or current) to two neutral (hybrid) meson particles with the same J^PC and J=0 is proved to be sub-leading to the usual large-N_c QCD counting. The coupling of the same exotic particle to certain two - (hybrid) meson currents with the same J^PC and J=0 is also sub-leading. The decay of a {1,3,5...}^-+ hybrid to eta pi^0, eta' pi^0, eta' eta, eta(1295) pi^0, pi(1300)^0 pi0, eta(1440) pi^0, a_0(980)^0 sigma or f_0(980) sigma is sub-leading, assuming that these final state particles are (hybrid) mesons in the limit of large N_c.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX. Main paper shortened/rewritten and appendices expanded. Implications for phenomenology of exotic hybrid mesons clarifie

Primordial Black Holes: Observational Characteristics of The Final Evaporation

Many early universe theories predict the creation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs). PBHs could have masses ranging from the Planck mass to 10^5 solar masses or higher depending on the size of the universe at formation. A Black Hole (BH) has a Hawking temperature which is inversely proportional to its mass. Hence a sufficiently small BH will quasi-thermally radiate particles at an ever-increasing rate as emission lowers its mass and raises its temperature. The final moments of this evaporation phase should be explosive and its description is dependent on the particle physics model. In this work we investigate the final few seconds of BH evaporation, using the Standard Model and incorporating the most recent Large Hadron Collider (LHC) results, and provide a new parameterization for the instantaneous emission spectrum. We calculate for the first time energy-dependent PBH burst light curves in the GeV/TeV energy range. Moreover, we explore PBH burst search methods and potential observational PBH burst signatures. We have found a unique signature in the PBH burst light curves that may be detectable by GeV/TeV gamma-ray observatories such as the High Altitude Water Cerenkov (HAWC) observatory. The implications of beyond the Standard Model theories on the PBH burst observational characteristics are also discussed, including potential sensitivity of the instantaneous photon detection rate to a squark threshold in the 5 -10 TeV range.Comment: Accepted to Astroparticle Physics Journal (71 Pages, 22 Figures

Constraints on diffuse neutrino background from primordial black holes

We calculated the energy spectra and the fluxes of electron neutrino emitted in the process of evaporation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early universe. It was assumed that PBHs are formed by a blue power-law spectrum of primordial density fluctuations. We obtained the bounds on the spectral index of density fluctuations assuming validity of the standard picture of gravitational collapse and using the available data of several experiments with atmospheric and solar neutrinos. The comparison of our results with the previous constraints (which had been obtained using diffuse photon background data) shows that such bounds are quite sensitive to an assumed form of the initial PBH mass function.Comment: 18 pages,(with 7 figures

Bounds from Primordial Black Holes with a Near Critical Collapse Initial Mass Function

Recent numerical evidence suggests that a mass spectrum of primordial black holes (PBHs) is produced as a consequence of near critical gravitational collapse. Assuming that these holes formed from the initial density perturbations seeded by inflation, we calculate model independent upper bounds on the mass variance at the reheating temperature by requiring the mass density not exceed the critical density and the photon emission not exceed current diffuse gamma-ray measurements. We then translate these results into bounds on the spectral index n by utilizing the COBE data to normalize the mass variance at large scales, assuming a constant power law, then scaling this result to the reheating temperature. We find that our bounds on n differ substantially (\delta n > 0.05) from those calculated using initial mass functions derived under the assumption that the black hole mass is proportional to the horizon mass at the collapse epoch. We also find a change in the shape of the diffuse gamma-ray spectrum which results from the Hawking radiation. Finally, we study the impact of a nonzero cosmological constant and find that the bounds on n are strengthened considerably if the universe is indeed vacuum-energy dominated today.Comment: 24 pages, REVTeX, 5 figures; minor typos fixed, two refs added, version to be published in PR

Primordial black holes in braneworld cosmologies: Accretion after formation

We recently studied the formation and evaporation of primordial black holes in a simple braneworld cosmology, namely Randall-Sundrum Type II. Here we study the effect of accretion from the cosmological background onto the black holes after formation. While it is generally believed that in the standard cosmology such accretion is of negligible importance, we find that during the high-energy regime of braneworld cosmology accretion can be the dominant effect and lead to a mass increase of potentially orders of magnitude. However, unfortunately the growth is exponentially sensitive to the accretion efficiency, which cannot be determined accurately. Since accretion becomes unimportant once the high-energy regime is over, it does not affect any constraints expressed at the time of black hole evaporation, but it can change the interpretation of those constraints in terms of early Universe formation rates.Comment: 6 pages RevTeX4 file. Extension to discussion of thermal balance and grey-body factor

Extension of the sum rule for the transition rates between multiplets to the multiphoton case

The sum rule for the transition rates between the components of two multiplets, known for the one-photon transitions, is extended to the multiphoton transitions in hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions. As an example the transitions 3p-2p, 4p-3p and 4d-3d are considered. The numerical results are compared with previous calculations.Comment: 10 pages, 4 table

On the formation of a Hawking-radiation photosphere around microscopic black holes

We show that once a black hole surpasses some critical temperature $T_{crit}$, the emitted Hawking radiation interacts with itself and forms a nearly thermal photosphere. Using QED, we show that the dominant interactions are bremsstrahlung and electron-photon pair production, and we estimate $T_{crit} \sim m_{e}/\alpha^{5/2}$, which when calculated more precisely is found to be $T_{crit} \approx$45 GeV. The formation of the photosphere is purely a particle physics effect, and not a general relativistic effect, since the the photosphere forms roughly $\alpha^{-4}$ Schwarzschild radii away from the black hole. The temperature $T$ of the photosphere decreases with distance from the black hole, and the outer surface is determined by the constraint $T\sim m_{e}$ (for the QED case), since this is the point at which electrons and positrons annihilate, and the remaining photons free stream to infinity. Observational consequences are discussed, and it is found that, although the QED photosphere will not affect the Page-Hawking limits on primordial black holes, which is most important for 100MeV black holes, the inclusion of QCD interactions may significantly effect this limit, since for QCD we estimate $T_{crit}\sim \Lambda_{QCD}$. The photosphere greatly reduces possibility of observing individual black holes with temperatures greater than $T_{crit}$, since the high energy particles emitted from the black hole are processed through the photosphere to a lower energy, where the gamma ray background is much higher. The temperature of the plasma in the photosphere can be extremely high, and this offers interesting possibilities for processes such as symmetry restoration.Comment: Latex, 16 pages, 3 postscript figures, submitted to PRD. Also available at http://fnas08.fnal.gov