73 research outputs found
Liver transplantation for biliary atresia
Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed 15 months to 20 years ago in 126 recipients, all of whom were under 18 years of age. Eighty-six of these pediatric recipients were treated before 1980 with azathioprine (or eyclophosphamide) and prednisone, to which antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) usually was added. One-year patient survival was 40%. In the last 40 cases, the new drug cyclosporine has been given with low doses of steroids. The one-year patient survival increased to 65%. Both in the pre-cyclosporine era and more recently, the survival of patients with biliary atresia has been lower than in the next largest category of patients, namely, those with liver-based inborn metabolic errors. The difficulty of operation in patients with biliary atresia has been greater than in recipients with other diagnoses, partly because of previous operations such as portoenterostomy (Kasai procedure). Hepatic portoenterostomy, worthwhile as it is, has posed technical difficulties for eventual liver transplantation, particularly when complicated Roux limb techniques or venting procedures have been applied. In our total experience the longest survival after liver replacement in a child whose original diagnosis was biliary atresia is 132/3 years. © 1984 Société Internationale de Chirurgie
The development of gaze following in monolingual and bilingual infants: A multi‐laboratory study
Movement of Heterorhabditis amazonensis and Steinernema arenarium in search of corn fall armyworm larvae in artificial conditions
Metabolic and Functional Genomic Studies Identify Deoxythymidylate Kinase as a Target in LKB1-Mutant Lung Cancer
The LKB1/STK11 tumor suppressor encodes a serine/threonine kinase which coordinates cell growth, polarity, motility, and metabolism. In non-small cell lung cancer, LKB1 is somatically inactivated in 25-30% of cases, often concurrently with activating KRAS mutation. Here, we employed an integrative approach to define novel therapeutic targets in KRAS-driven LKB1 mutant lung cancers. High-throughput RNAi screens in lung cancer cell lines from genetically engineered mouse models driven by activated KRAS with or without coincident Lkb1 deletion led to the identification of Dtymk, encoding deoxythymidylate kinase which catalyzes dTTP biosynthesis, as synthetically lethal with Lkb1 deficiency in mouse and human lung cancer lines. Global metabolite profiling demonstrated that Lkb1-null cells had striking decreases in multiple nucleotide metabolites as compared to the Lkb1-wt cells. Thus, LKB1 mutant lung cancers have deficits in nucleotide metabolism conferring hypersensitivity to DTYMK inhibition, suggesting that DTYMK is a potential therapeutic target in this aggressive subset of tumors
Application of Multi-Barrier Membrane Filtration Technologies to Reclaim Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Use
Rich forests, poor countries: adapting forest conservation to economic realities
In the Congo Basin, very large areas of species-rich forests exist in countries that are among the world's poorest. Decision makers and ordinary people in these countries are far more concerned about meeting short-term local and national needs than about long-term value of global biodiversity. Given present economic realities, it is hard to see how such investments can be sustained unless much greater emphasis is given to reconciling conservation objectives with economic needs. Forest conservation in the Congo Basin will require more diversified approahes in order to manage a wider range of land-use systems more effectively, at lower cost, and with significant more local and national participation. The current enthusiasm for the big, remote, pristine parks model of forest conservation is risky
Carotene in the Ration of Dairy Cattle. II. The Influence of Suboptimal Levels of Carotene Intake upon the Microscopic Aspect of Selected Organs
Establishment of legumes in grass swards: effects of pesticides on slugs, insects, legume seedling numbers and forage yield and quality*
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