19 research outputs found

    A new, easily miniaturized steerable endoscope

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    Etudes ethnomycologiques et identification des champignons sauvages comestibles les plus consommes dans la region des Monts-Kouffe au Benin (Afrique de l’ouest)

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    Les connaissances endogĂšnes sur les champignons comestibles sont peu documentĂ©es en Afrique de l’Ouest. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  identifier les champignons sauvages les plus consommĂ©s dans la rĂ©gion des Monts-KouffĂš au BĂ©nin. Cette Ă©tude rĂ©alisĂ©e de juillet Ă  aoĂ»t 2014, a d’abord consistĂ© en une enquĂȘte ethnomycologique sur une centaine d’individus alĂ©atoirement choisis au sein de quatre groupes ethniques (Nagot, BĂštamaribĂš, Peuhl et Lokpa) appartenant Ă  deux villages forestiers (Manigri-OkĂ© et Manigri-Ikani) de la commune de Bassila dans le centre du BĂ©nin. Cette enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© suivie d’un inventaire mycologique dans des Ă©cosystĂšmes naturels reprĂ©sentatifs de la zone d’étude, permettant sur base des enquĂȘtes d’identifier les champignons sauvages comestibles les plus consommĂ©s en fonction du groupe sociolinguistique. Pour identifier les champignons comestibles prioritaires de la rĂ©gion, la technique de simple ranking et de Matrix ranking ainsi qu’une Analyse Factorielle de Correspondance tenant compte de 5 critĂšres (qualitĂ© organoleptique, frĂ©quence de consommation, facilitĂ© de consommation et de digestion, durĂ©e de conservation et disponibilitĂ© temporelle) et des scores numĂ©riques attribuĂ©s Ă  chaque critĂšre par enquĂȘtĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es. Dix-neuf (19) espĂšces comestibles, dominĂ©es par celles du genre Termitomyces, sont majoritairement exploitĂ©es par les populations locales Ă  des fins alimentaires. Parmi celles-ci, une dizaine d’espĂšces a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©e comme prioritaire pour l’alimentation des groupes sociolinguistiques des Monts-KouffĂš. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les Nagots utilisent plus de ressources fongiques (18 espĂšces comestibles) que les Peuhls (14), les BĂštamaribĂš (12) et les Lokpa (9). Vu le grand usage que font les populations de la rĂ©gion des Monts-KouffĂš des champignons sauvages il est nĂ©cessaire aujourd’hui de trouver un compromis pour une exploitation durable de ces ressources Ă  travers une gestion durable de leurs habitats et la promotion d’une filiĂšre de champignons sauvages comestibles en Afrique de l’Ouest.Mots clĂ©s: Ethnomycologie, Champignons comestibles, EspĂšces de prioritĂ© alimentaire, RĂ©gion des Monts-KouffĂš, BĂ©ninEnglish Title: Ethnomycological studies and identification of the most popular wild edible mushrooms of the Monts-KouffĂš region in Benin (west Africa)English AbstractEndogenous knowledge on edible fungi are not well known in West Africa. This study aims at identifying the most popular wild edible mushrooms in the « Monts KouffĂš » area in Benin. This study was carried out from July to August 2014, firstly consisted of an ethnomycological survey on 100 individuals randomly selected within four ethnic groups (Nagot, BetamaribĂ©, Peuhl and Lokpa) within two forest villages (Manigri-Oke and Manigri-Ikani) of the township of Bassila in the center of Benin. This survey was followed by a mycological inventory in representative natural ecosystems of the study area, enabling on the base of investigations to identify wild edible mushrooms the most consumed according to sociolinguistic group. The technique of simple and Matrix ranking and a Factorial Analysis of Correspondence were performed for the identification of mushrooms. Nineteen (19) edible species, dominated by Termitomyces species, are mainly exploited for food purposes. Ten of these species has been identified as priority for feeding of sociolinguistic groups  of «Monts KouffÚ». The results showed that the Nagot people use more fungal resources (18 edible species) than the Peuhl (14), the BetamaribĂ© (12) and the Lokpa (9). As a result of the great use of mushrooms by local people of « Monts KouffĂš » area, it is necessary today to find a compromise for sustainable exploitation of these resources through a sustainable management of their habitat and the promotion of wild edible mushroom sector in West Africa.Keywords: Ethnomycology, edible fungi, food priority species, Monts- KouffĂš area, Beni

    A new, easily miniaturized steerable endoscope

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    Energy transfer in LH2 of Rhodospirillum Molischianum, studied by subpicosecond spectroscopy and configuration interaction excition calculations.

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    Two color transient absorption measurements were performed on a LH2 complex from Rhodospirillum molischianum by using several excitation wavelengths (790, 800, 810, and 830 nm) and probing in the spectral region from 790 to 870 nm at room temperature. The observed energy transfer time of ∌1.0 ps from B800 to B850 at room temperature is longer than the corresponding rates in Rhodopseudomonas acidophila and Rhodobacter sphaeroides. We observed variations (0.9-1.2 ps) of B800-850 energy transfer times at different B800 excitation wavelengths, the fastest time (0.9 ps) was obtained with 800 nm excitation. At 830 nm excitation the energy transfer to the B850 ring takes place within 0.5 ps. The measured kinetics, as well as steady-state absorption and CD spectra, are consistent with those calculated with the configuration interaction exciton method (CIEM) [Linnanto et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 8739]. Fully excitonic simulation of the CD spectrum of the LH2 of Rs. molischianum is presented for the first time. The calculations put the
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