Decidable containment of recursive queries

Abstract. One of the most important reasoning tasks on queries is checking containment, i.e., verifying whether one query yields necessarily a subset of the result of another one. Query containment, is crucial in several contexts, such as query optimization, query reformulation, knowledge-base verification, information integration, integrity checking, and cooperative answering. Containment is undecidable in general for Datalog, the fundamental language for expressing recursive queries. On the other hand, it is known that containment between monadic Datalog queries and between Datalog queries and unions of conjunctive queries are decidable. It is also known that containment between unions of conjunctive two-way regular path queries (UC2RPQs), which are queries used in the context of semistructured data models containing a limited form of recursion in the form of transitive closure, is decidable. In this paper we combine the automata-theoretic techniques at the base of these two decidability results to show that containment of Datalog in UC2RPQs is decidable in 2EXPTIME.

An Automata-Theoretic Approach to Regular XPath

In this paper we present Regular XPath (RXPath), which is a natural extension of XPath with regular expressions over paths that has the same computational properties as XPath: linear-time query evaluation and exponential-time reasoning. To establish these results, we devise a unifying automata-theoretic framework based on two-way weak alternating tree automata. Specifically, we consider automata that have infinite runs on finite trees. This enables us to leverage and simplify existing automata-theoretic machinery and develop algorithms both for query evaluation and for reasoning over queries. With respect to the latter problem, we consider RXPath as a constraint language, and study constraint satisfiability, and query satisfiability and containment under constraints in the setting of RXPath

Determinação da razão isotópica δ13C em bebidas comerciais a base de laranja Determination of isotope ratio (δ13C) in commercial orange beverages

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de quantificar a proporção de carbono de fonte C3 (suco de laranja) e carbono C4 (açúcar de cana) em bebidas comerciais à base de laranja. Foram analisadas isotopicamente 33 diferentes marcas comerciais de bebidas de laranja. A composição isotópica do carbono (&#948;13C) foi determinada por espectrometria de massa de razão isotópica (IRMS). As equações empregadas para quantificar a proporção da fonte C3 e C4 de carbono nas bebidas apresentam fatores de correções baseados na concentração de açúcares redutores totais em relação aos sólidos solúveis. Os sólidos insolúveis (polpa) foram usados como padrão isotópico interno do suco de laranja empregado na formulação da bebida comercial, o que permitiu a quantificação de fonte C3 nessas bebidas. As análises isotópicas das bebidas comerciais mostraram quatro adulterações, sendo uma amostra de suco de laranja integral, uma amostra de suco concentrado, duas amostras de suco adoçado de laranja. Para amostras com ausência de polpa na sua constituição, adotou-se como padrão de fonte C3 o valor isotópico de &#948;13C -26,19‰, proveniente da compilação de um banco de dados de 31 amostras de sucos puros de laranja provenientes de 12 regiões produtoras do Estado de São Paulo. Nas bebidas denominadas repositores energéticos, bebida mista e "frutas cítricas", o valor isotópico de 13C foi similar ao açúcar de cana (&#948;13C -12,48‰), indicando pouco suco de fruta em sua formulação.<br>This study aimed at quantifying the ratio of the carbon sources C3 (orange juice) and C4 (cane sugar) in orange-based commercial beverages. Orange beverages of 33 different trademarks were isotopically analyzed. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was used to determine the carbon isotopic composition (&#948;13C). The equations used to quantify the source of carbon C3 and C4 presented correction factors based on the concentration of total reducing sugars in relation to soluble solids. The insoluble solids (pulp) were used as internal isotopic standard for the orange juice employed in commercial beverage. The isotope analysis of commercial beverages showed four adulterations: one sample of whole orange juice, one of concentrate juice, and two of sweetened orange juice. For samples with the absence of pulp, we adopted the isotopic value of &#948;13C -26.19‰ as standard C3 source, by compiling a database of 31 samples of pure orange juice from 12 producing regions of the state of São Paulo. In these beverages (energetic beverage, mixed beverage and "citric fruit"), the isotopic value of 13C was similar to sugar cane (&#948;13C -12.48‰) showing few fruit juice in its formulation