Large microchannel array fabrication and results for DNA sequencing

We have developed a process for the production of microchannel arrays on bonded glass substrates up to 14 X 58 cm, for DNA sequencing. Arrays of 96 and 384 microchannels, each 46 cm long have been built. This technology offers significant advantages over discrete capillaries or conventional slab-gel approaches. High throughput DNA sequencing with over 550 base pairs resolution has been achieved. With custom fabrication apparatus, microchannels are etched in a borosilicate substrate, and then fusion bonded to a top substrate 1.1 mm thick that has access holes formed in it. SEM examination shows a typical microchannel to be 40 X 180 micrometers by 46 cm long; the etch is approximately isotropic, leaving a key undercut, for forming a rounded channel. The surface roughness at the bottom of the 40 micrometer deep channel has been profilometer measured to be as low as 20 nm; the roughness at the top surface was 2 nm. Etch uniformity of about 5% has been obtained using a 22% vol. HF/78% Acetic acid solution. The simple lithography, etching, and bonding of these substrate enables efficient production of these arrays and extremely precise replication from master masks and precision machining with a mandre

Foraging for trust : Exploring rationality and the stag hunt game

Abstract. Trust presents a number of problems and paradoxes, because existing theory is not fully adequate for understanding why there is so much of it, why it occurs, and so forth. These problems and paradoxes of trust are vitally important, for trust is thought to be the essential glue that holds societies together. This paper explores the generation of trust with two simple, but very different models, focusing on repeated play of the Stag Hunt game. A gridscape model examines creation of trust among cognitively basic simple agents. A Markov model examimes play between two somewhat more sophisticated agents. In both models, trust emerges robustly. Lessons are extracted from these findings which point to a new way of conceiving rationality, a way that is broadly applicable and can inform future investigations of trust.

Measurements of gas filled halfraum energetics at the national ignition facility using a single quad

Gas filled halfraum experiments were conducted at the National Ignition Facility which provided an excellent test of the tools needed to understand halfraum energetics in an ignition relevant regime. The experiments used a highly shaped laser pulse and measured large levels of backscattered laser energy. These two components challenge the ability of radiation hydrodynamic simulations to model the experiments. The results show good agreement between experimental measurements and simulations

Leadership in the Service of Hospitality

The definition of leadership has changed considerably in the past one hundred years, beginning with the “great man” concept and, more recently, focusing on “transformational leadership.” The next step in leadership evolution is servant leadership, in which the leader seeks to support and empower followers. The implications are considerable for the hospitality industry, since it is based on the concept of leadership through service. Hospitality educators could take steps to instill servant leadership principles in students to equip them for this increasingly relevant leadership style