28 research outputs found
Associations of maternal folic acid supplementation and folate concentrations during pregnancy with foetal and child head growth: the Generation R Study
Purpose: Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy has been associated with a reduced risk of common neurodevelopmental delays in the offspring. However, it is unclear whether low folate status has effects on the developing brain. We evaluated the associations of maternal folic acid supplementation and folate concentrations during pregnancy with repeatedly measured prenatal and postnatal head circumference in the offspring. Methods: Within a population-based prospective cohort, we measured maternal plasma folate concentrations at approximately 13 weeks of gestation (90 % range 10.5–17.2) and assessed folic acid supplementation by questionnaire (2001–2005). Up to 11 repeated mea
Effectiveness of disease-specific cognitive-behavioural therapy on depression, anxiety, quality of life and the clinical course of disease in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease
_Introduction:_ Adolescents with inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) show a higher prevalence of depression
and anxiety, compared to youth with other chronic
diseases. The inflammation-depression hypothesis
might explain this association, and implies that treating
depression can decrease intestinal inflammation and
improve disease course. The present multicentre
randomised controlled trial aims to test the
effectiveness of an IBD-specific cognitive–behavioural
therapy (CBT) protocol in reducing symptoms of
subclinical depression and anxiety, while improving
quality of life and disease course in adolescents with
IBD.
_Methods and analysis:_ Adolescents with IBD (10–
20 years) from 7 hospitals undergo screening
Parental psychological distress during pregnancy and the risk of childhood lower lung function and asthma: a population-based prospective cohort study
Background Although maternal psychological distress
during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of
respiratory morbidity in preschool children, it is unknown
whether this association persists into later childhood.
Objective To examine the association between
parental psychological distress during pregnancy and
lung function and asthma in children of school age.
Methods This study of 4231 children was embedded
in a population-based prospective cohort. Parental
psychological distress was assessed by the Brief
Symptom Inventory during and 3 years after pregnancy,
and in mothers also at 2 and 6 months after pregnancy.
At age 10 years, lung function was obtained by
spirometry and asthma by questionnaire.
Results The prevalence of asthma was 5.9%. Maternal
overall psychological distress during pregnancy was
associated with a lower forced vital capacity (FVC)
(z-score difference −0.10 (95% CI −0.20 to –0.01) per
1-unit increase), maternal depressive symptoms during
pregnancy with a lower forced expiratory volume in
the first second (FEV1
) and FVC (−0.13 (95% CI −0.24
to –0.01) and −0.13 (95% CI −0.24 to –0.02) when
using clinical cut-offs) in their children. All maternal
psychological distress measures during pregnancy were
associated with an increased risk of asthma (range OR:
1.46 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.90) to 1.91 (95% CI 1.26 to
2.91)). Additional adjustment for paternal psychological
distress during pregnancy and parental psychological
distress after pregnancy did not materially change the
associations. Paternal psychological distress during
pregnancy was not associated with childhood respiratory
morbidity.
Conclusion Maternal, but not paternal, psychological
distress during pregnancy is associated with an increased
risk of asthma and partly lower lung function in children.
This suggests intrauterine programming for the risk of
later-life respirator
Parental psychological distress during pregnancy and the risk of childhood lower lung function and asthma: a population-based prospective cohort study
Background Although maternal psychological distress
during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of
respiratory morbidity in preschool children, it is unknown
whether this association persists into later childhood.
Objective To examine the association between
parental psychological distress during pregnancy and
lung function and asthma in children of school age.
Methods This study of 4231 children was embedded
in a population-based prospective cohort. Parental
psychological distress was assessed by the Brief
Symptom Inventory during and 3 years after pregnancy,
and in mothers also at 2 and 6 months after pregnancy.
At age 10 years, lung function was obtained by
spirometry and asthma by questionnaire.
Results The prevalence of asthma was 5.9%. Maternal
overall psychological distress during pregnancy was
associated with a lower forced vital capacity (FVC)
(z-score difference −0.10 (95% CI −0.20 to –0.01) per
1-unit increase), maternal depressive symptoms during
pregnancy with a lower forced expiratory volume in
the first second (FEV1
) and FVC (−0.13 (95% CI −0.24
to –0.01) and −0.13 (95% CI −0.24 to –0.02) when
using clinical cut-offs) in their children. All maternal
psychological distress measures during pregnancy were
associated with an increased risk of asthma (range OR:
1.46 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.90) to 1.91 (95% CI 1.26 to
2.91)). Additional adjustment for paternal psychological
distress during pregnancy and parental psychological
distress after pregnancy did not materially change the
associations. Paternal psychological distress during
pregnancy was not associated with childhood respiratory
morbidity.
Conclusion Maternal, but not paternal, psychological
distress during pregnancy is associated with an increased
risk of asthma and partly lower lung function in children.
This suggests intrauterine programming for the risk of
later-life respiratory disease
Yielding of metallic glass foam by percolation of an elastic buckling instability
International audienc
Instantiation automatique d'un modèle structural de feuille à partir de données scanner 3D : application au calcul de l'interception de la lumière
A new parametric structural leaf model and its automatic instantiation from 3D digitized data is exposed. The proposed model allows representing the morphological features of a wide range of leaves into a controlled number of morphological parameters defining the accuracy of the 3D leaf representation. Using a set of suitable leaf-related geometrical hypothesis, these values are automatically inferred from dense digitized data provided by a non-contact digitizer Konica Minolta vi-910. A quantitative assessment, based on an inversion algorithm allowing building a tessellated leaf model from a prescribed set of parameters, demonstrates the reliability of both the model parameters and the instantiation process. An application to light interception computation via the software VegeSTAR (Adam & al. 2002) is also presented
Microscale elastic strain evolution following damage in Ti-SiC composites
Fiber fractures are crucial in initiating damage zones that ultimately determine the strength and lifetime of fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites. The evolution of damage in a metal matrix composite (MMC) comprised of a row of unidirectional SiC fibers (32 vol pct) surrounded by a Ti matrix was examined, for the first time, using X-ray microdiffraction. Multiple strain maps including both phases were collected in situ under applied tensile stress. The elastic axial strains were then compared to predictions from a modified shear-lag model, which, unlike other shear-lag models, considers the elastic response of both constituents. The strains showed good correlation with the model. The results confirmed, for the first time, both the need and validity of this new model specifically developed for large scale multifracture simulations of MMCs. The results also provided unprecedented insight for the model, revealing the necessity of incorporating such factors as plasticity of the matrix, residual stress in the composite, and selection of the load sharing parameter