Effects of Insulin on the Biochemical and Morphologic Maturation of the Fetus

Peer Reviewe

Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin during pregnancy and in the early postpartum.

We studied 209 women during normal pregnancy, at delivery, or in the early postpartum, to determine whether erythropoietin (EPO) response was appropriate for the degree of anaemia. Serum immunoreactive EPO was measured in 74 nonpregnant women, including 33 normal subjects (16.4 +/- 4.1 mU/ml) and 41 women with hypoplastic, haemolytic, dyserythropoietic, or iron-deficient anaemia. An inverse linear relationship (R = -0.88, P less than 0.0001) between log(EPO) and Hct was observed. Predicted EPO values were derived for each Hct and an O/P ratio of observed/predicted log(EPO) was calculated for each sample (1.00 +/- 0.10, range 0.80-1.20). Serum EPO levels (mU/ml) were significantly higher during pregnancy (30 +/- 16, n = 142), at delivery (31 +/- 16, n = 41), and on day 7 postpartum (37 +/- 35, n = 26) than in normal women (P less than 0.001). EPO levels increased steadily from 18 +/- 6 mU/ml in the first, to 26 +/- 14 mU/ml in the second, and to 35 +/- 18 mU/ml in the third trimester (P less than 0.0001). The O/P ratio was normal on day 7 postpartum (1.01 +/- 0.16), at delivery (1.03 +/- 0.16), and in the third trimester (0.96 +/- 0.15), but was significantly reduced in the first two trimesters (0.88 +/- 0.15, P less than 0.001). A significant negative correlation between log(EPO) and Hct was lacking in the first two trimesters, was present but with a reduced slope during the third trimester and at delivery, and was normal postpartum. We conclude that EPO response to anaemia is impaired in early pregnancy, recovers in late pregnancy, and normalizes rapidly in the postpartum