1,152 research outputs found
On the Squeezed Number States and their Phase Space Representations
We compute the photon number distribution, the Q distribution function and
the wave functions in the momentum and position representation for a single
mode squeezed number state using generating functions which allow to obtain any
matrix element in the squeezed number state representation from the matrix
elements in the squeezed coherent state representation. For highly squeezed
number states we discuss the previously unnoted oscillations which appear in
the Q function. We also note that these oscillations can be related to the
photon-number distribution oscillations and to the momentum representation of
the wave function.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure
The Generalized Hartle-Hawking Initial State: Quantum Field Theory on Einstein Conifolds
Recent arguments have indicated that the sum over histories formulation of
quantum amplitudes for gravity should include sums over conifolds, a set of
histories with more general topology than that of manifolds. This paper
addresses the consequences of conifold histories in gravitational functional
integrals that also include scalar fields. This study will be carried out
explicitly for the generalized Hartle-Hawking initial state, that is the
Hartle-Hawking initial state generalized to a sum over conifolds. In the
perturbative limit of the semiclassical approximation to the generalized
Hartle-Hawking state, one finds that quantum field theory on Einstein conifolds
is recovered. In particular, the quantum field theory of a scalar field on de
Sitter spacetime with spatial topology is derived from the generalized
Hartle-Hawking initial state in this approximation. This derivation is carried
out for a scalar field of arbitrary mass and scalar curvature coupling.
Additionally, the generalized Hartle-Hawking boundary condition produces a
state that is not identical to but corresponds to the Bunch-Davies vacuum on
de Sitter spacetime. This result cannot be obtained from the original
Hartle-Hawking state formulated as a sum over manifolds as there is no Einstein
manifold with round boundary.Comment: Revtex 3, 31 pages, 4 epsf figure
The Beam Conditions Monitor of the LHCb Experiment
The LHCb experiment at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B
hadrons. Its most sensitive components are protected by means of a Beam
Conditions Monitor (BCM), based on polycrystalline CVD diamond sensors. Its
configuration, operation and decision logics to issue or remove the beam permit
signal for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are described in this paper.Comment: Index Terms: Accelerator measurement systems, CVD, Diamond, Radiation
detector
Husimi's function and quantum interference in phase space
We discuss a phase space description of the photon number distribution of non
classical states which is based on Husimi's function and does not
rely in the WKB approximation. We illustrate this approach using the examples
of displaced number states and two photon coherent states and show it to
provide an efficient method for computing and interpreting the photon number
distribution . This result is interesting in particular for the two photon
coherent states which, for high squeezing, have the probabilities of even and
odd photon numbers oscillating independently.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figures, typos correcte
Efficient measurement-based quantum computing with continuous-variable systems
We present strictly efficient schemes for scalable measurement-based quantum
computing using continuous-variable systems: These schemes are based on
suitable non-Gaussian resource states, ones that can be prepared using
interactions of light with matter systems or even purely optically. Merely
Gaussian measurements such as optical homodyning as well as photon counting
measurements are required, on individual sites. These schemes overcome
limitations posed by Gaussian cluster states, which are known not to be
universal for quantum computations of unbounded length, unless one is willing
to scale the degree of squeezing with the total system size. We establish a
framework derived from tensor networks and matrix product states with infinite
physical dimension and finite auxiliary dimension general enough to provide a
framework for such schemes. Since in the discussed schemes the logical encoding
is finite-dimensional, tools of error correction are applicable. We also
identify some further limitations for any continuous-variable computing scheme
from which one can argue that no substantially easier ways of
continuous-variable measurement-based computing than the presented one can
exist.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, published versio
Rydberg Wave Packets are Squeezed States
We point out that Rydberg wave packets (and similar ``coherent" molecular
packets) are, in general, squeezed states, rather than the more elementary
coherent states. This observation allows a more intuitive understanding of
their properties; e.g., their revivals.Comment: 7 pages of text plus one figure available in the literature, LA-UR
93-2804, to be published in Quantum Optics, LaTe
Quantum Arrival Time For Open Systems
We extend previous work on the arrival time problem in quantum mechanics, in
the framework of decoherent histories, to the case of a particle coupled to an
environment. The usual arrival time probabilities are related to the
probability current, so we explore the properties of the current for general
open systems that can be written in terms of a master equation of Lindblad
form. We specialise to the case of quantum Brownian motion, and show that after
a time of order the localisation time the current becomes positive. We show
that the arrival time probabilities can then be written in terms of a POVM,
which we compute. We perform a decoherent histories analysis including the
effects of the environment and show that time of arrival probabilities are
decoherent for a generic state after a time much greater than the localisation
time, but that there is a fundamental limitation on the accuracy, ,
with which they can be specified which obeys . We confirm
that the arrival time probabilities computed in this way agree with those
computed via the current, provided there is decoherence. We thus find that the
decoherent histories formulation of quantum mechanics provides a consistent
explanation for the emergence of the probability current as the classical
arrival time distribution, and a systematic rule for deciding when
probabilities may be assigned.Comment: 30 pages, 1 figure. Published versio
Wigner flow reveals topological order in quantum phase space dynamics
The behaviour of classical mechanical systems is characterised by their phase
portraits, the collections of their trajectories. Heisenberg's uncertainty
principle precludes the existence of sharply defined trajectories, which is why
traditionally only the time evolution of wave functions is studied in quantum
dynamics. These studies are quite insensitive to the underlying structure of
quantum phase space dynamics. We identify the flow that is the quantum analog
of classical particle flow along phase portrait lines. It reveals hidden
features of quantum dynamics and extra complexity. Being constrained by
conserved flow winding numbers, it also reveals fundamental topological order
in quantum dynamics that has so far gone unnoticed.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
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