Dietary management and physical exercise can improve climbing defects and mitochondrial activity in <i>Drosophila melanogaster parkin</i> null mutants

<p>Physical exercise can improve gait, balance, tremor, flexibility, grip strength and motor coordination in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Several lines of evidence have also shown the therapeutic potential of dietary management and supplementation in halting the progression of PD. However, there is a lack of research on the combined effects of physical activity and nutrition in the progression of PD. We test the effects exercise and dietary modification in a <i>Drosophila</i> model of PD. In this study, we fed <i>Drosophila parkin</i> mutants high protein and high carbohydrate diets without and with stearic acid (4 treatments in total). In parallel, we subjected mutants to a regimen of exercise using a purpose-built ‘Power tower’ exercise machine. We then measured climbing ability, aconitase activity, and basal mitochondrial ROS levels. We observed that exercising <i>parkin</i> mutants fed the high protein diet improved their climbing ability and increased aconitase activity. There was an additional improvement in climbing and aconitase activity in exercised <i>parkin</i> mutants fed the high protein diet supplemented with stearic acid. No benefits of exercise were seen in <i>parkin</i> mutants fed the high carbohydrate diet. Combined, these results suggest that dietary management along with physical activty has potential to improve mitochondrial biogenesis and delay the progression of PD in <i>Drosophila parkin</i> mutants.</p

L'Auto-vélo : automobilisme, cyclisme, athlétisme, yachting, aérostation, escrime, hippisme / dir. Henri Desgranges

08 juin 19361936/06/08 (A37,N12957)

The mitochondrial CI-OXPHOS of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> harboring Alstonville (<i>Alst</i>) and Japan (<i>Jap</i>) mtDNA in the <i>w</i>^<i>1118</i> genetic background and the Oregon R (<i>OreR</i>) background.

<p>Flies were aged 11 (upper chart) and 25 d (lower chart). The Protein: Carbohydrate (P:C) diets were 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16. (A) Males with the <i>w</i>^<i>1118</i> genetic background. (B) Females with the <i>w</i>^<i>1118</i> genetic background. (C) Males with the <i>OreR</i> genetic background. (D) Females with the <i>OreR</i> genetic background. Bar represents oxygen flux per mass, and error bars show the standard error of the mean.</p

The mitochondrial CI-OXPHOS of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> harboring Alstonville (<i>Alst</i>) and Japan (<i>Jap</i>) mtDNA in the <i>w</i>^<i>1118</i> genetic background and the Oregon R (<i>OreR</i>) background.

<p>Flies were aged 11 (upper chart) and 25 d (lower chart). The Protein: Carbohydrate (P:C) diets were 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16. (A) Males with the <i>w</i>^<i>1118</i> genetic background. (B) Females with the <i>w</i>^<i>1118</i> genetic background. (C) Males with the <i>OreR</i> genetic background. (D) Females with the <i>OreR</i> genetic background. Bar represents oxygen flux per mass, and error bars show the standard error of the mean.</p

The SOD activity of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> harboring Alstonville (<i>Alst</i>) and Japan (<i>Jap</i>) mtDNA in <i>w</i>^<i>1118</i> genetic background.

<p>Flies were aged 11 (upper chart) and 25 d (lower chart). The protein: carbohydrate (P:C) diets were 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16. (A) Males. (B) Females. The SOD activity of females harboring the two mtDNA types did not differ, so they were pooled. Data for each mitotype is presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0187554#pone.0187554.s005" target="_blank">S3 Fig</a>. Bar represents SOD activity, and error bars the standard error of the mean.</p

The mtDNA copy number of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> harboring Alstonville (<i>Alst</i>) and Japan (<i>Jap</i>) mtDNA in the <i>w</i>^<i>1118</i> genetic background.

<p>Flies were aged 11 (upper chart) and 25 d (lower chart). The protein: carbohydrate (P:C) diets were 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16. (A) Males. (B) Females. MtDNA copy number of females harboring the two mtDNA types did not differ, so they were pooled. Data for each mitotype is presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0187554#pone.0187554.s003" target="_blank">S1 Fig</a>. Bar represents mtDNA copy number, and error bars show the standard error of the mean.</p

Complex I structure prediction of Japan mtDNA.

<p>(A) The ND2 region corresponds to the bacterial subunit NuoN. (B) The structure of the proton pump. The dark blue residues that are transparently shaded make up the proton channel. (C) The location of the variant and their isoelectric point. The yellow is the amino acid that is changed in the Japan line. The arrow represents the movement of the TM7 domain.</p

The maximum ROS production of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> harboring Alstonville (<i>Alst</i>) and Japan (<i>Jap</i>) mtDNA in the <i>w</i>^<i>1118</i> genetic background.

<p>Flies were aged 11 (upper chart) and 25 d (lower chart). The protein: carbohydrate (P:C) diets were 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16. (A) Males. (B) Females. Maximum ROS production of female flies harboring the two mtDNA types did not differ, so they were pooled. Data for each mitotype is presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0187554#pone.0187554.s004" target="_blank">S2 Fig</a>. Bar represents basal ROS production, and error bars show the standard error of the mean.</p

The lipid content of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> harboring Alstonville (<i>Alst</i>) and Japan (<i>Jap</i>) mtDNA in <i>w</i>^<i>1118</i> genetic background.

<p>Flies were aged 11 d (upper chart) and 25 d (lower chart). The protein: carbohydrate (P:C) diets were 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16. (A) Male. (B) Female. Lipid content of females harboring the two mtDNA types did not differ, so they were pooled. Data for each mitotype is presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0187554#pone.0187554.s008" target="_blank">S6 Fig</a>. Bar represents lipid content, and error bars show standard error of the mean.</p