On General Axial Gauges for QCD

General Axial Gauges within a perturbative approach to QCD are plagued by 'spurious' propagator singularities. Their regularisation has to face major conceptual and technical problems. We show that this obstacle is naturally absent within a Wilsonian or 'Exact' Renormalisation Group approach and explain why this is so. The axial gauge turns out to be a fixed point under the flow, and the universal 1-loop running of the gauge coupling is computed.Comment: 4 pages, latex, talk presented by DFL at QCD'98, Montpellier, July 2-8, 1998; to be published in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.

Conjoint measurement of individual preference functions : some tests of validity

This article reports on the results of some validity tests on the additive and multiplicative conjoint measurement models in the context of spatial shopping behaviour. The findings of the study suggest that these models can succesfully describe consumer decision making under hypothetical situations and that utility measurements obtained under hypothetical circumstances are positively related to utili!y scores expressed for real world shoppillg centres

Decisionmaking between multiattribute choice alternatives : a model of spatial shopping-behaviour using conjoint measurements

In this paper the authors are concerned with the application of conjoint measurement models to predict consumer choice of shopping centres. First, conjoint measurement models are discussed in the context of the development of spatial shopping-models. Next, the conceptual framework underlying the model and conjoint measurement are discussed. The second part of the paper describes an application of the methodology. Conjoint measurement is used to estimate consumer utility functions and a multivariate logit model as an approximation of the unit multivariate normal distribution is used to predict the probability that a consumer will choose a particular shopping centre. The results indicate that the methodology offers a potentially valuable approach to the modelling of spatial shopping-behaviour

Decisionmaking between multiattribute choice alternatives : a model of spatial shopping-behaviour using conjoint measurements

In this paper the authors are concerned with the application of conjoint measurement models to predict consumer choice of shopping centres. First, conjoint measurement models are discussed in the context of the development of spatial shopping-models. Next, the conceptual framework underlying the model and conjoint measurement are discussed. The second part of the paper describes an application of the methodology. Conjoint measurement is used to estimate consumer utility functions and a multivariate logit model as an approximation of the unit multivariate normal distribution is used to predict the probability that a consumer will choose a particular shopping centre. The results indicate that the methodology offers a potentially valuable approach to the modelling of spatial shopping-behaviour

Addressing School Related Gender Based Violence in Togo: A Scoping Study

This report presents findings from the scoping study of policy, practice and evidence on school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) in Togo, which took place in 2016. The study has been carried out as a collaboration between the government of Togo, UNICEF, and a team at the UCL Institute of Education (Jenny Parkes, Jo Heslop, Freya Johnson Ross, Rosie Westerveld and Elaine Unterhalter) working alongside the consultant Dr Kossi Sénamé Dodzi. Its core elements consisted of: stakeholder mapping and engagement in policy dialogue; analysis of legislation and policy; analysis of any programming on SRGBV; and the identification and evaluation of research and data. The findings presented here will be used to guide decision making for phase two of EGVS which will take place during 2017, as well as longer term planning and action on SRGBV in Togo. The findings will provide the basis for reflection and the development of the action plan for the next phase of the EGVS initiative

Addressing School-Related Gender-Based Violence in Côte d’Ivoire, Togo, Zambia and Ethiopia: A Cross-country Report

This report synthesises findings from four scoping studies of policy, practice and evidence on school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) in Zambia, Togo, Ethiopia and Côte d’Ivoire carried out in 2016-2017.This work forms part of End Gender Violence in Schools (EGVS), an initiative led by UNICEF, with support from Global Partnership for Education (GPE) and UNGEI, which aims to strengthen the production and use of high quality evidence in order to build effective approaches to address SRGBV. Data were collected through stakeholder interviews, workshops and analyses of research, policy and programme texts. The research design offers a valuable framework through which to evaluate and strengthen national action on SRGBV through collecting evidence on: prevalence and patterns of SRGBV; laws, policies and plans; structures and partnerships; responses in and around schools; prevention through teaching and learning; and systems for data collection.Overall, these findings point to the need for using an evidence-based, multi-dimensional approach when analysing, developing and enacting policy and practice on SRGBV. The analysis generates an Action Map on SRGBV through legislation, policy and structures; work in schools; and through partnerships and communities

Lutter contre les violences basées sur le genre en milieu scolaire en Côte d’Ivoire: Étude exploratoire

Les violences basées sur le genre en milieu scolaire (VBGMS) désignent les actes de violence physique, sexuelle et psychologique contre les garçons et les filles perpétrés au sein et aux abords des écoles, des communautés et des familles et fondés sur un accès inégal aux ressources et au pouvoir, ainsi que sur des normes et stéréotypes inéquitables. Bien que ce type de violences bénéficie d’une reconnaissance accrue en tant que problème majeur à l’échelle internationale, un examen rigoureux de la documentation disponible démontre l’absence de solutions concrètes dont l’efficacité serait avérée. Les liens entre les différents niveaux d’action (que ce soit au niveau des politiques internationales et nationales, des lois ou au niveau des projets et des actions mises en oeuvre au sein de l’école ou des communautés) n’ont, jusqu’ici, pas fait l’objet d’une attention à la hauteur de la problématique. L’initiative visant à mettre fin aux VBGMS est un partenariat entre l’UNICEF, l’Institute of Education de l’University College de Londres, l’Initiative des Nations Unies pour l’éducation des filles, le Partenariat mondial pour l’éducation et les partenaires de Côte d’Ivoire, d’Éthiopie, du Togo et de Zambie (2015–2017), et est financé par les subventions aux activités mondiales et régionales du Partenariat mondial pour l’éducation. L’initiative a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les faits en vue d’étayer, de renforcer et de mieux comprendre le processus de mise en oeuvre des politiques relatives aux VBGMS en Côte d’Ivoire, en Éthiopie, au Togo et en Zambie. Les conclusions de cette initiative contribueront aux débats internationaux et nationaux sur les façons de lutter contre les VBGMS. L'objectif principal de l'étude était d'analyser les réponses à la violence sexiste dans et aux abords des écoles en Côte d'Ivoire, en vue d'éclairer la planification des politiques et des initiatives pratiques à venir. Ce rapport s'appuie sur les données recueillies par l'équipe de recherche, l’UNICEF CO, des consultants nationaux et des partenaires, et expose les résultats d’une étude préliminaire sur les politiques, les pratiques et les faits relatifs aux VBGMS en Côte d’Ivoire