PELUANG PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA MOLUSKA EKONOMIS PENTING DUSUN TAPI NEGERI WAKASIHU AMBON

Dusun Tapi Wakasihu Village has potential as a marine fishery resource, including various types of mollusks, such as abalone, lola, mata bulan, and clams. The culture of mollusks has developed in many places; however, this has not been done here. Some types can be exported, which increases income. The purpose of this community service activity is to support community groups in developing knowledge and technology of mollusk cultivation businesses with initial activities, including field assessments, socialization of the mollusk cultivation program, training and discussion sessions, and forming business groups. The development of mollusk cultivation will create opportunities for community economic development due to the availability of natural and human resources that can be fostered and assisted so that it turns to skillful community development activities in this village

Ovarian development of female mud crab, Scylla serrata supplemented with cholesterol and injected with serotonin

Cholesterol is known to play an important role in nutrition of crustacean and function as a precursor for steroids synthesis, while neurohormone of serotonin could induce ovarian maturation in crustacean. Ovarian development of adult females Scylla serrata was induced by adding cholesterol in the diet and serotonin injection. This research was designed to study the effectiveness of cholesterol supplementation and serotonin injection in ovarian development. Broodstocks were stocked in nine experimental units in three fiber tanks. The fiber tank was equipped with sands substrate and flow through seawater system. The experimental crabs were assigned into a completely randomized design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement. The first factor was cholesterol supplementation in the diet with 3 levels (0, 0,5 and 1,0%). The second factor was serotonin injection with 3 levels (0, 5 and 10 μg/g BW). Samples of broodstock were taken every four days to evaluate the stages of ovarian maturity and parameters were used to evaluate the ovarian maturation stage are gonad index (GI) and oocyte diameter, concentration of estradiol 17β, yolk protein concentrations, and fecundity. Results showed that female crabs supplemented with 0,5% cholesterol and a combination of cholesterol 0,5% supplementation and injection serotonin with a dose of 10 μg/g BW had better reproduction development. It is concluded that ovarian development of Scylla serrata could be improved by cholesterol supplementation and serotonin injection. Key words: Cholesterol, serotonin, ovarian development, Scylla serrata   ABSTRAK Kolesterol diketahui merupakan nutrien spesifik yang berperan dalam sisntesis hormon steroid dan mengontrol reproduksi, sementara serotonin merupakan salah satu neurohormon yang dilaporkan dapat merangsang pematangan ovari dan pemijahan pada krustase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pemberian kolesterol yang optimal dalam pakan buatan, serta dosis penyuntikan serotonin yang efektif untuk mempercepat proses perkembangan dan pematangan ovarium induk kepiting bakau Scylla serrata. Pemeliharaan induk dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga buah bak fiber. Bak pemeliharaan dilengkapi dengan substrat pasir dan sistim air laut mengalir. Eksperimen menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial, dengan 9 satuan percobaan. Faktor pertama, suplemen kolesterol didalam pakan dengan 3 tingkat dosis (0; 0,5; dan 1%) dan faktor kedua, injeksi serotonin dengan 3 tingkat dosis (0, 5, dan 10 μg/g bobot tubuh). Pengamatan terhadap tingkat kematangan ovari dilakukan setiap 4 hari sekali. Paramater pengambilan sampel meliputi  tingkat kematangan ovari, indeks gonad dan diameter oosit, konsentrasi estradiol 17β, konsentrasi protein yolk, dan fekunditas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa induk kepiting yang disuplementasi dengan dosis kolesterol 0,5% dan induk kepiting yang mendapat perlakuan kombinasi, suplementasi kolesterol 0,5% dan injeksi serotonin dosis 10 μg/g bobot tubuh dapat menghasilkan perkembangan ovari yang terbaik. Jadi kolesterol dan serotonin dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan perkembangan ovari. Kata-kata kunci: Kolesterol, serotonin, perkembangan ovari, Scylla serrat

Additions and Corrections: Synthesis and Reactivity of Tervalent Paramagnetic Titanium Compounds (η5-C5Me5)2TiR: Molecular Structure of (η5-C5Me5)2TiCH2CMe3 (Organometallics (1991) 10(9) (3227–3237) (10.1021/om00055a046))

Synthesis and Reactivity of Tervalent Paramagnetic Titanium Compounds (η5-C5Me5)2TiR: Molecular Structure of (η5-C5Me5)2TiCH2CMe3

Monomeric Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) Complexes with Halide, Borohydride, Amide, Alkoxide, and Carboxylate Ligands. X-ray Structure of Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) Chloride

The synthesis and characterization of monomeric Cp*2TiX complexes (X = Cl, Br, I, BH4, OCMe3, O2CH) are reported. These 15-electron d1 systems have one unpaired electron and form perfect Curie paramagnetic systems. They are NMR and ESR active. 1H NMR spectra show broad lines (width 600-5000 Hz) for the Cp* hydrogens between 14.0 and 18.4 ppm. Observation of the protons of the non-Cp* ligands is possible if they are positioned at least β with respect to the metal. The ESR spectra are singlets (g = 1.939-1.978), with for some complexes the expected Ti isotope hyperfine splitting. Hyperfine splittings due to interaction with hydrogen or other nuclei of the ligands are not observed. The structure of Cp*2TiCl (1) was determined by X-ray diffraction. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n, with a = 9.339 (2) Å, b = 13.632 (1) Å, c = 15.140 (3) Å, β = 99.55 (1)°, and Z = 4. The structure was refined to R = 0.045 and Rw = 0.050 for 290 parameters and 2909 observed reflections (with F > 3σ(F)). The molecule exhibits an approximate twofold noncrystallographic axis along the Ti-Cl bond. The chlorine ligand is coordinated in the equatorial plane of a bent-sandwich permethyltitanocene fragment (Ti-Cl = 2.363 (1) Å). The Cp* rings coordinate in a true η5 way to the metal. Methyl-methyl contacts between the staggered Cp* ligands cause a deviation of one of the methyl groups out of the plane of the ring and away from the metal of 0.40 (1) Å.