Dileptons in a coarse-grained transport approach

We calculate dilepton spectra in heavy-ion collisions using a coarse-graining approach to the simulation of the created medium with the UrQMD transport model. This enables the use of dilepton-production rates evaluated in equilibrium quantum-field theory at finite temperatures and chemical potentials.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the proceedings of "The 15th International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter" (SQM 2015), 06-11 July in Dubna, Russi

Renormalization of a gapless Hartree-Fock approximation to a theory with spontaneously broken O(N)-symmetry

The renormalization of a gapless Phi-derivable Hartree--Fock approximation to the O(N)-symmetric lambda*phi^4 theory is considered in the spontaneously broken phase. This kind of approach was proposed by three of us in a previous paper in order to preserve all the desirable features of Phi-derivable Dyson-Schwinger resummation schemes (i.e., validity of conservation laws and thermodynamic consistency) while simultaneously restoring the Nambu--Goldstone theorem in the broken phase. It is shown that unlike for the conventional Hartree--Fock approximation this approach allows for a scale-independent renormalization in the vacuum. However, the scale dependence still persists at finite temperatures. Various branches of the solution are studied. The occurrence of a limiting temperature inherent in the renormalized Hartree--Fock approximation at fixed renormalization scale mu is discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures / Version accepted by Phys. Rev. D: title and one reference change

Interpretation of Recent SPS Dilepton Data

We summarize our current theoretical understanding of in-medium properties of the electromagnetic current correlator in view of recent dimuon data from the NA60 experiment in In(158 AGeV)-In collisions at the CERN-SPS. We discuss the sensitivity of the results to space-time evolution models for the hot and dense partonic and hadronic medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions and the contributions from different sources to the dilepton-excess spectra.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2006) v2: references added, minor typos correcte

Renormalization in Self-Consistent Approximation schemes at Finite Temperature III: Global Symmetries

We investigate the symmetry properties for Baym's $\Phi$-derivable schemes. We show that in general the solutions of the dynamical equations of motion, derived from approximations of the $\Phi$-functional, do not fulfill the Ward-Takahashi identities of the symmetry of the underlying classical action, although the conservation laws for the expectation values of the corresponding Noether currents are fulfilled exactly for the approximation. Further we prove that one can define an effective action functional in terms of the self-consistent propagators which is invariant under the operation of the same symmetry group representation as the classical action. The requirements for this theorem to hold true are the same as for perturbative approximations: The symmetry has to be realized linearly on the fields and it must be free of anomalies, i.e., there should exist a symmetry conserving regularization scheme. In addition, if the theory is renormalizable in Dyson's narrow sense, it can be renormalized with counter terms which do not violate the symmetry.Comment: 32 papges, 3 figures, uses ReVTeX 4, V2: Added one more reference, V3: Corrected some typos, added two more sections about the large-N expansio

Soft Modes, Resonances and Quantum Transport

Effects of the propagation of particles, which have a finite life-time and an according width in their mass spectrum, are discussed in the context of transport description. First, the importance of coherence effects (Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal effect) on production and absorption of field quanta in non-equilibrium dense matter is considered. It is shown that classical diffusion and Langevin results correspond to re-summation of certain field-theory diagrams formulated in terms of full non-equilibrium Green's functions. Then the general properties of broad resonances in dense and hot systems are discussed in the framework of a self-consistent and conserving Phi-derivable method of Baym at the examples of the rho-meson in hadronic matter and the pion in dilute nuclear matter. Further we address the problem of a transport description that properly accounts for the damping width of the particles. The Phi-derivable method generalized to the real-time contour provides a self-consistent and conserving kinetic scheme. We derive a generalized expression for the non-equilibrium kinetic entropy flow, which includes corrections from fluctuations and mass-width effects. In special cases an H-theorem is proved. Memory effects in collision terms give contributions to the kinetic entropy flow that in the Fermi-liquid case recover the famous bosonic type T^3 ln T correction to the specific heat of liquid Helium-3. At the example of the pion-condensate phase transition in dense nuclear matter we demonstrate important part played by the width effects within the quantum transport.Comment: submitted to Phys. At. Nucl. (Rus.), the volume dedicated to the memory of A.B. Migdal. 31 pages, 5 figure

Soft Modes, Quantum Transport and Kinetic Entropy

The effects of the propagation of particles which have a finite life-time and an according width in their mass spectrum are discussed in the context of transport descriptions. In the first part the coupling of soft photon modes to a source of charged particles is studied in a classical model which can be solved completely in analytical terms. The solution corresponds to a re-summation of certain field theory diagrams. The general properties of broad resonances in dense finite temperature systems are discussed at the example of the $\rho$-meson in hadronic matter. The second part addresses the problem of transport descriptions which also account for the damping width of the particles. The Kadanoff--Baym equation after gradient approximation together with the $\Phi$-derivable method of Baym provides a self-consistent and conserving scheme. Memory effects appearing in collision term diagrams of higher order are discussed. We derive a generalized expression for the nonequilibrium kinetic entropy flow, which includes corrections from fluctuations and mass-width effects. In special cases an $H$-theorem is proved. Memory effects in collision terms provide contributions to the kinetic entropy flow that in the Fermi-liquid case recover the famous bosonic type $T^3 \ln T$ correction to the specific heat of liquid Helium-3.Comment: Contribution to Proc. of Int. Workshop "Kadanoff-Baym Equations - Progress and Perspectives for Many-Body Physics" Rostock (Germany), September 20-24 1999, ed. M.Bonitz, World Scientific (2000