1,361 research outputs found
Extended Iterative Scheme for QCD: Three-point Vertices
In the framework of a generalized iterative scheme introduced previously to
account for the non-analytic coupling dependence associated with the
renormalization-group invariant mass scale Lambda, we establish the
self-consistency equations of the extended Feynman rules (Lambda-modified
vertices of zeroth perturbative order) for the three-gluon vertex, the two
ghost vertices, and the two vertices of massless quarks. Calculations are
performed to one-loop-order, in Landau gauge, and at the lowest approximation
level (r=1) of interest for QCD. We discuss the phenomenon of compensating
poles inherent in these equations, by which the formalism automatically cancels
unphysical poles on internal lines, and the role of composite-operator
information in the form of equation-of-motion condensate conditions. The
observed near decoupling of the four-gluon conditions permits a solution to the
2-and-3-point conditions within an effective one-parameter freedom. There
exists a parameter range in which one solution has all vertex coefficients
real, as required for a physical solution, and a narrower range in which the
transverse-gluon and massless-quark propagators both exhibit complex-conjugate
pole pairs.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figure
Two functionally distinct epithelial progenitors exist within the luminal cell compartment of the mouse mammary gland
Divergent nematic susceptibility in an iron arsenide superconductor
Within the Landau paradigm of continuous phase transitions, ordered states of
matter are characterized by a broken symmetry. Although the broken symmetry is
usually evident, determining the driving force behind the phase transition is
often a more subtle matter due to coupling between otherwise distinct order
parameters. In this paper we show how measurement of the divergent nematic
susceptibility of an iron pnictide superconductor unambiguously distinguishes
an electronic nematic phase transition from a simple ferroelastic distortion.
These measurements also reveal an electronic nematic quantum phase transition
at the composition with optimal superconducting transition temperature.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Low-energy electronic properties of clean CaRuO: elusive Landau quasiparticles
We have prepared high-quality epitaxial thin films of CaRuO with residual
resistivity ratios up to 55. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the
magnetoresistance and a temperature dependence in the electrical
resistivity only below 1.5 K, whose coefficient is substantially suppressed in
large magnetic fields, establish CaRuO as a Fermi liquid (FL) with
anomalously low coherence scale. Non-Fermi liquid (NFL) dependence is
found between 2 and 25 K. The high sample quality allows access to the
intrinsic electronic properties via THz spectroscopy. For frequencies below 0.6
THz, the conductivity is Drude-like and can be modeled by FL concepts, while
for higher frequencies non-Drude behavior, inconsistent with FL predictions, is
found. This establishes CaRuO as a prime example of optical NFL behavior in
the THz range.Comment: 12 pages, 21 figures including supplemental materia
Three-Nucleon Force and the -Mechanism for Pion Production and Pion Absorption
The description of the three-nucleon system in terms of nucleon and
degrees of freedom is extended to allow for explicit pion production
(absorption) from single dynamic de-excitation (excitation) processes.
This mechanism yields an energy dependent effective three-body hamiltonean. The
Faddeev equations for the trinucleon bound state are solved with a force model
that has already been tested in the two-nucleon system above pion-production
threshold. The binding energy and other bound state properties are calculated.
The contribution to the effective three-nucleon force arising from the pionic
degrees of freedom is evaluated. The validity of previous coupled-channel
calculations with explicit but stable isobar components in the
wavefunction is studied.Comment: 23 pages in Revtex 3.0, 9 figures (not included, available as
postscript files upon request), CEBAF-TH-93-0
Persistent detwinning of iron pnictides by small magnetic fields
Our comprehensive study on EuFeAs reveals a dramatic reduction of
magnetic detwinning fields compared to other AFeAs (A = Ba, Sr, Ca)
iron pnictides by indirect magneto-elastic coupling of the Eu ions. We
find that only 0.1T are sufficient for persistent detwinning below the local
Eu ordering; above = 19K, higher fields are necessary.
Even after the field is switched off, a significant imbalance of twin domains
remains constant up to the structural and electronic phase transition (190K).
This persistent detwinning provides the unique possibility to study the low
temperature electronic in-plane anisotropy of iron pnictides without applying
any symmetrybreaking external force.Comment: accepted by Physical Review Letter
A Systematic Extended Iterative Solution for QCD
An outline is given of an extended perturbative solution of Euclidean QCD
which systematically accounts for a class of nonperturbative effects, while
allowing renormalization by the perturbative counterterms. Proper vertices
Gamma are approximated by a double sequence Gamma[r,p], with r the degree of
rational approximation w.r.t. the QCD mass scale Lambda, nonanalytic in the
coupling g, and p the order of perturbative corrections in g-squared,
calculated from Gamma[r,0] - rather than from the perturbative Feynman rules
Gamma(0)(pert) - as a starting point. The mechanism allowing the
nonperturbative terms to reproduce themselves in the Dyson-Schwinger equations
preserves perturbative renormalizability and is tied to the divergence
structure of the theory. As a result, it restricts the self-consistency problem
for the Gamma[r,0] rigorously - i.e. without decoupling approximations - to the
superficially divergent vertices. An interesting aspect of the scheme is that
rational-function sequences for the propagators allow subsequences describing
short-lived excitations. The method is calculational, in that it allows known
techniques of loop computation to be used while dealing with integrands of
truly nonperturbative content.Comment: 48 pages (figures included). Scope of replacement: correction of a
technical defect; no changes in conten
Human Milk Protein Production in Xenografts of Genetically Engineered Bovine Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells
BACKGROUND: In the bovine species milk production is well known to correlate with mammary tissue mass. However, most advances in optimizing milk production relied on improvements of breeding and husbandry practices. A better understanding of the cells that generate bovine mammary tissue could facilitate important advances in milk production and have global economic impact. With this possibility in mind, we show that a mammary stem cell population can be functionally identified and isolated from the bovine mammary gland. We also demonstrate that this stem cell population may be a promising target for manipulating the composition of cow's milk using gene transfer. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We show that the in vitro colony-forming cell assay for detecting normal primitive bipotent and lineage-restricted human mammary clonogenic progenitors are applicable to bovine mammary cells. Similarly, the ability of normal human mammary stem cells to regenerate functional bilayered structures in collagen gels placed under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient mice is shared by a subset of bovine mammary cells that lack aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. We also find that this activity is a distinguishing feature of luminal-restricted bovine progenitors. The regenerated structures recapitulate the organization of bovine mammary tissue, and milk could be readily detected in these structures when they were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. Transplantation of the bovine cells transduced with a lentivirus encoding human ÎČ-CASEIN led to expression of the transgene and secretion of the product by their progeny regenerated in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to a common developmental hierarchy shared by human and bovine mammary glands, providing strong evidence of common mechanisms regulating the maintenance and differentiation of mammary stem cells from both species. These results highlight the potential of novel engineering and transplant strategies for a variety of commercial applications including the production of modified milk components for human consumption
Do biometric parameters improve the quality of optic nerve head measurements with spectral domain optical coherence tomography?
Funding Information: A part of the study data have been presented as a free paper oral presentation â Clinical quality assessment of optic nerve head measurements with spectral domain optical coherence tomographyâpreliminary resultsâ in 118. Congress of the DOG (German Society of Ophthalmology) 2020. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Background: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a widely applied non-invasive technique for evaluating optic nerve head parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of biometric parameters such as the spherical equivalent (SE) and the anterior corneal curvature (ACC) on the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), Bruchâs membrane opening (BMO), and the minimum rim width (MRW) measurements performed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in glaucomatous and healthy eyes. Methods: In this cross-sectional, caseâcontrol prospective pilot study, the glaucoma group consisted of 50 patients with previously diagnosed and treated glaucoma and one healthy group of 50 subjects. Two consecutive examinations of pRNFL, BMO, and MRW with SD-OCT for every patient were performed without ACC and objective refraction (imaging 1) and with them (imaging 2). Results: The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) reflected high agreement between imaging 1 and imaging 2 in both groups. The ICC in the glaucoma and healthy groups for pRNFL (0.99 vs. 0.98), BMO (0.95 vs. 0.97), and MRW (1.0 vs. 1.0) was comparable. Conclusions: Our preliminary data from a small number of eyes showed that the measurements of pRNFL, MRW, and BMO reflected high agreement between both imaging techniques with ACC and objective refraction and without these parameters in subjects with a refractive error up to ± 6.0 diopters. Further studies with participants with higher refractive error are necessary to evaluate the impact of biometric parameters such as SE and ACC on measurements with SD-OCT.publishersversionPeer reviewe
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