Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Shifts m Paramagnetic PuF4

Plutonium tetrafluoride has so far not b een investigated by NMR through such a study might y ield additional information on the electronic structure of the fluorides of the actinide elements. PuF, which is isostructural with UF,1, CeF4 , ThF4 , NpF,., HfF ,, and ZrF4 was prepared b y hydrofluorination of plu·tonium dioxide at 600 ° C. The hydrogen fluoride had b een previously treated with elemental fluorine and purified by subsequent distillations. The formation of plutonium trifluoride was prevented by a small addition of oxygen

Solvent Proton Magnetic Relaxation in Solution of Rabbit Liver Cytochrome P450. On the Corfelation Time for the Electron Proton Dipole-Dipole Interaction

Structural parameters can be derived from PMR measurements if the correlation time fdr the spin interactions is known. The relaxation rates induced by the ferric haem-iron of cyt P450 were found to be frequency independent from 10 to 37 MHz. The possible limits for the correlation time according to Solomon\u27s theory are discussed with regard to the possible existence of a water molecule at the sixth coordination site of the haem-iron. No definite conclusion could be reached in this respect, but the results are definetely in favour of a haem environment which can accomodate several water molecules exchanging quickly with the bulk of solvent

Solvent Proton Magnetic Relaxation in Solution of Rabbit Liver Cytochrome P450. On the Corfelation Time for the Electron Proton Dipole-Dipole Interaction

Structural parameters can be derived from PMR measurements if the correlation time fdr the spin interactions is known. The relaxation rates induced by the ferric haem-iron of cyt P450 were found to be frequency independent from 10 to 37 MHz. The possible limits for the correlation time according to Solomon\u27s theory are discussed with regard to the possible existence of a water molecule at the sixth coordination site of the haem-iron. No definite conclusion could be reached in this respect, but the results are definetely in favour of a haem environment which can accomodate several water molecules exchanging quickly with the bulk of solvent

Justice from an interdisciplinary perspective: the impact of the revolution in Human Sciences on Peace Research and International Relations

Peace and justice have been a preferred couple in theoretical writings - but what do we know about their empirical relationship? Insights from other disciplines suggest that humans are highly sensitive to violations of justice and that justice concerns permeate social relations. Neuroscientists have located the parts of the brain responsible for negative reactions to violation of claims for justice. Evolutionary biologists have identified rules of distribution and retribution not only in early human societies but among other socially living species as well. Psychologists have observed the emergence of a sense of justice in very early childhood, while behavioral economists have identified behavior of average persons in experiments that deviated significantly from the model of the "economic man" and could only be explained by a sense of justice. The chapter summarizes these findings and outlines their implications for peace research. It highlights the ambivalent nature of justice for social relations. Justice concerns can exacerbate conflicts between individuals and groups but justice can also provide standards for arriving at durable peaceful solutions to conflicts. Understanding these ambivalences and their repercussions for international and intrastate relations provides a promising path towards understanding conflict dynamics