Beam Dynamics of the 50 MeV Preinjector for the Berlin Synchrotron BESSY II

A turn key 50 MeV linac is under construction, in order to inject electrons into the booster of BESSY II synchrotron in replacement of the existing microtron. The linac will deliver electron beams according to two operation modes a Short Pulse Mode 1 to 5 pulses 0.35nC each and a Long Pulse Mode 40 to 300 ns 3nC . We have calculated the beam dynamics, using our in house code, PRODYN [1], from the gun to the end of the linac. This code has been previously used for the beam dynamics of the SOLEIL and ALBA linacs [2] [3]. The beam behaviour, such as the radial control, the bunching process, the energy spread and emittance are analyzed

Preliminary study of ginger bagasse - a waste from the extraction of ginger starch.

The aim of this study was to extract a cellulose rich material from the agricultural residue of the processing of the ginger starch (GS) - the ginger bagasse (GB). The chemical composition of ginger are oleoresins, essential oils, and other components such as proteins, ash, minerals, and starch [1]. One of the by-products generated after the extraction of ginger starch consists of a fibrous material containing cellulosic fibers and residual starch. This material is here denominated ginger bagasse (GB). Ginger processing waste has been combined with ZnCl2 and H2SO4 to act as a bioabsorbent for water treatment from textile industries [2,3]. In this study, work the authors obtained this residue from rhizome and characterized it by FTIR, XRD and its thermal stability in nitrogen and air atmospheres. The initial results indicated success in obtaining an essentially cellulosic material with the presence of residual starch and thermal stability around 270 °C in inert atmosphere. Our future perspectives are the development of sustainable materials from biomass, attributing added value to an agro residue

Cloning, annotation and developmental expression of the chicken intestinal MUC2 gene

Intestinal mucin 2 (MUC2) encodes a heavily glycosylated, gel-forming mucin, which creates an important protective mucosal layer along the gastrointestinal tract in humans and other species. This first line of defense guards against attacks from microorganisms and is integral to the innate immune system. As a first step towards characterizing the innate immune response of MUC2 in different species, we report the cloning of a full-length, 11,359 bp chicken MUC2cDNA, and describe the genomic organization and functional annotation of this complex, 74.5 kb locus. MUC2 contains 64 exons and demonstrates distinct spatiotemporal expression profiles throughout development in the gastrointestinal tract; expression increases with gestational age and from anterior to posterior along the gut. The chicken protein has a similar domain organization as the human orthologue, with a signal peptide and several von Willebrand domains in the N-terminus and the characteristic cystine knot at the C-terminus. The PTS domain of the chicken MUC2 protein spans ~1600 amino acids and is interspersed with four CysD motifs. However, the PTS domain in the chicken diverges significantly from the human orthologue; although the chicken domain is shorter, the repetitive unit is 69 amino acids in length, which is three times longer than the human. The amino acid composition shows very little similarity to the human motif, which potentially contributes to differences in the innate immune response between species, as glycosylation across this rapidly evolving domain provides much of the musical barrier. Future studies of the function of MUC2 in the innate immune response system in chicken could provide an important model organism to increase our understanding of the biological significance of MUC2 in host defense and highlight the potential of the chicken for creating new immune-based therapies