9,332 research outputs found
Cooling of the Cassiopeia A neutron star and the effect of diffusive nuclear burning
The study of how neutron stars cool over time can provide invaluable insights
into fundamental physics such as the nuclear equation of state and
superconductivity and superfluidity. A critical relation in neutron star
cooling is the one between observed surface temperature and interior
temperature. This relation is determined by the composition of the neutron star
envelope and can be influenced by the process of diffusive nuclear burning
(DNB). We calculate models of envelopes that include DNB and find that DNB can
lead to a rapidly changing envelope composition which can be relevant for
understanding the long-term cooling behavior of neutron stars. We also report
on analysis of the latest temperature measurements of the young neutron star in
the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant. The 13 Chandra observations over 18 years
show that the neutron star's temperature is decreasing at a rate of 2-3 percent
per decade, and this rapid cooling can be explained by the presence of a proton
superconductor and neutron superfluid in the core of the star.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures; to appear in the AIP Conference Proceedings of
the Xiamen-CUSTIPEN Workshop on the EOS of Dense Neutron-Rich Matter in the
Era of Gravitational Wave Astronomy (January 3-7, 2019, Xiamen, China
On the coexistence of stellar-mass and intermediate-mass black holes in globular clusters
In this paper, we address the question: What is the probability of
stellar-mass black hole (BH) binaries co-existing in a globular cluster with an
intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH)? Our results suggest that the detection of
one or more BH binaries can strongly constrain the presence of an IMBH in most
Galactic globular clusters. More specifically, the detection of one or more BH
binaries could strongly indicate against the presence of an IMBH more massive
than M in roughly 80\% of the clusters in our
sample. To illustrate this, we use a combination of N-body simulations and
analytic methods to weigh the rate of formation of BH binaries against their
ejection and/or disruption rate via strong gravitational interactions with the
central (most) massive BH.
The eventual fate of a sub-population of stellar-mass BHs (with or without
binary companions) is for all BHs to be ejected from the cluster by the central
IMBH, leaving only the most massive stellar-mass BH behind to form a close
binary with the IMBH. During each phase of evolution, we discuss the rate of
inspiral of the central BH-BH pair as a function of both the properties of the
binary and its host cluster.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRA
Nonradiative interaction and entanglement between distant atoms
We show that nonradiative interactions between atomic dipoles placed in a
waveguide can give rise to deterministic entanglement at ranges much larger
than their resonant wavelength. The range increases as the dipole-resonance
approaches the waveguide's cutoff frequency, caused by the giant density of
photon modes near cutoff, a regime where the standard (perturbative) Markov
approximation fails. We provide analytical theories for both the Markovian and
non-Markovian regimes, supported by numerical simulations, and discuss possible
experimental realizations.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
Review of recent research on Southern Resident Killer Whales to detect evidence of poor body condition in the population
Prepared for: The SeaDoc Society, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, Eastsound, WA 98245This review was commissioned by the SeaDoc Society in light of major concern for the population trajectory of the SRKW population.
The review focuses on identifying evidence for poor body condition in the SRKW population from information presented in Seattle, March 6 2017 (see Appendix 1 Agenda). Body condition can be influenced by food availability (quantity and quality), energy balance, disease, toxin exposure, physiological status, genetics and stress from noise and vessel traffic, amongst other factors, although food availability is the most common cause in wild mammalian populations. For SRKW, food availability to individuals is determined by both prey availability and time to find, catch, share and consume prey. Anthropogenic disturbance will reduce food consumption and thus influence body condition.
The small population size and complex social structure of SRKW complicate detection of associations between measures of body condition and population dynamics. Stochastic events can skew population-wide trends substantially. Therefore, individual cases must be considered rather than analyses of trends and correlations on limited-sample-sizes. The small sample size problem hinders many analyses of this population's ecology.
A recent shift in distribution of Northern Resident Killer Whales (NRKW) into offshore SRKW range complicates choice of a control population. NRKW could compete for space and prey, and may be influenced by environmental variables that influence SRKW. Thus when using a case control approach, and comparing parameters between SRKW and a reference population, care should be taken when using the NRKW, and another population should be used such as the southern Alaskan residents
The Roots of Defense: Plant Resistance and Tolerance to Belowground Herbivory
There is conclusive evidence that there are fitness costs of plant defense and that herbivores can drive selection for defense. However, most work has focused on above-ground interactions, even though belowground herbivory may have greater impacts on individual plants than above-ground herbivory. Given the role of belowground plant structures in resource acquisition and storage, research on belowground herbivores has much to contribute to theories on the evolution of plant defense. Pocket gophers (Geomyidae) provide an excellent opportunity to study root herbivory. These subterranean rodents spend their entire lives belowground and specialize on consuming belowground plant parts. produced significantly more fruit than either damaged or undamaged mainland individuals.These results suggest that mainland plants are effective at deterring and tolerating pocket gopher herbivory. Results also suggest that both forms of defense are costly to fitness and thus reduced in the absence of the putative target herbivore
Water Coning in Horizontal Wells: Prediction of Post-Breakthrough Performance
This study attempts to predict post-breakthrough performance in horizontal wells as a result of water coning. The post breakthrough performance is measured in terms of the Water Oil Ratio (WOR). Correlations were developed to predict the WOR, time to breakthrough and the critical oil production rate in horizontal wells. The reservoir studied was modelled using a 3D simulator (ECLIPSE100). PVT and Relative permeability data from literatures were used in modelling the reservoir. A one well model was simulated by setting up a ‘base case’ scenario of reservoir parameters, the WOR from this base case was observed. Sensitivity analysis was then carried out by varying each of the reservoir parameters and production rate independently. Regression analysis was done to develop correlation between the height above/below the perforations and the WOR. The developed correlations compared favourably well with the existing ones
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