Tryptophan research in panic disorder.

A considerable body of evidence suggests the involvement of serotonin neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of panic disorder. Research on pathways and functions of tryptophan, an essential amino acid converted into serotonin, may advance our understanding of serotonergic actions in panic disorder and related phenomena. The investigative approaches in this field include manipulations of tryptophan availability as well as genetic association and functional brain imaging studies. In this review we examine the principle findings of these studies and propose further research directions

Differentiated effects of the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine on sleep architecture: Part 1, a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic comparison with paroxetine in healthy men

We compared the effect of vortioxetine, paroxetine and placebo after three days of dosing on sleep architecture. This was a randomised, double-blind, four-way crossover, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose study in 24 healthy young men. Subjects received 20mg vortioxetine, 40mg vortioxetine, 20mg paroxetine or placebo for three consecutive days in four different periods with at least three weeks between them. Polysomnography and blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis were performed on the pre-dose night and nights 1 and 3 of dosing in each period. Plasma concentrations of vortioxetine and paroxetine during the polysomnography measurement were used to estimate SERT occupancies using published relationships in healthy subjects. All three active treatments significantly increased REM onset latency and decreased time spent in REM sleep. In the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics analysis significant relationships were found between REM onset latency and time spent in REM sleep and vortioxetine/paroxetine exposure. The relation between REM suppression parameters and SERT occupancy was significantly different between vortioxetine and paroxetine, despite the same SERT occupancy. This indicates that vortioxetine has a different clinical pharmacological profile from paroxetine, which may explain the differences in adverse effect profile of the two drugs, for instance the lower incidence of nausea, weight gain and sexual dysfunction with vortioxetine

Fading Student-Learned Scaffolding in Middle School Science Classrooms

The present study sought to gather evidence on the best procedure for fading student-provided scaffolds. Fifty-one students were randomly selected from a convenience sampling of 144 students in five different sections of seventh grade Life Science. Over the course of one school year, students were introduced to a paragraph writing template, which would help them to be able to write paragraphs that introduced a source, provided a citation to support a claim, analyzed that citation to state its importance and finally tie it up using a conclusion statement; this structure helped them structure a well-written proposition and support paragraphs on a given life science concept without support from the teacher. Students wrote a total of ten paragraphs during the study. With each new paragraph the scaffolding was faded to provide decreasing amounts of support to the students. A comparison of mean scores and standard deviations was used to show student performance throughout the study. Results indicated that students were able to continue to write paragraphs structured in the ICAT format even after the scaffolding was fully withdrawn

Grade A milk producers in Marshall County, Tennessee : Problem A: Characteristics of Marshall County Grade A milk producers and their farms : Problem B: Management practices of Marshall County Grade A milk producers : Problem C: Factors influencing dairy management practice adoption by Marshall County Grade A milk producers : three related special problems in lieu of thesis /

Statewide, dairying ranks about fourth in importance as a source of agricultural income in Tennessee (20: 1).* Annual receipts averaged about 85 million dollars for the five-year period 1959- 1963. There were about 426,000 dairy cows in Tennessee in 1963. Average milk production per cow in Tennessee that year was 4,700 pounds, while the average American cow produced 7,545 pounds. Research has suggested that production of less than 6,000 pounds per cow is unprofitable, and that cows producing below that amount should be considered for culling and possible replacement (13: 1). Marshall County is located in the south section of Middle Tennessee. It is bordered by Lincoln and Giles County to the south, Williamson and Rutherford County to the north, Bedford County to the east and Maury County to the west. The agriculture of the county is rather diversified, with crops and livestock making up 60 percent of the income. Dairying ranks first in importance, accounting for 40 percent of the agricultural inco me in 1960 as compared to the income from the sale of cattle and calves, which amounts to 23.3 percent (21 :3,4)

Thea Bowman: The Courage To Keep On Keeping On!

The year 2010 marks another anniversary, this one more somber than the others. Sister Thea Bowman, F.S.P.A., Ph.D., after a great deal of suffering, finally lost her battle to cancer in 1990. Her zest for living, her profound spirituality, and her joy marked all those who had the honor of knowing her. Here are two reflections on her life and influence, the first by Cyprian Davis, O.S.B. who worked with Sr. Thea at the Institute for Black Catholic Studies, and the second by one of her former students, Maurice Nutt, C.Ss. R., D.Min

The late King of Spain's will, and the Treaty for partition of the Kingdom of Spain : recited and consider'd, paragraph by paragraph : with animadversions upon both, tending to prove, that it is the interest of all Europe, to adhere inviolably to the partition of the Spanish Monarchy; and more particularly conducing to the welfare of England

Sign.: [A]3, B-D2, E