An electroluminescent-piezoelectric flat-panel display device

A flat-panel, line display consisting of electroluminescent ZnS---Cu phosphors (EL) adjacent to piezoelectric voltage transformer elements (PE) has been fabricated to provide a controlled-movement luminescent light spot. Electroluminescence is excited by the electric fields generated at the surface of a piezoelectric element driven at its resonant frequency. The display is made up of thirty PE-EL units connected electrically in parallel, each unit resonating at a different frequency. Movement of the light spot over the face of the display is produced by frequency modulation of the voltages applied to the piezoelectric array, in the manner of a sweep frequency. Synchronized amplitude modulation permits the light spot to be localized and its movement to be controlled. The display has a sweep frequency range extending from 30 to 60 kc/s. PE-EL units under continuous operation generate 40 ft lamberts at 8[middle dot]8 Vrms, and can generate over 100 ft lamberts by overdriving at 40Vrms. In sweep operation at 100 c/s, the light output is 40 ft lamberts at 35 Vrms. Power consumption in this mode is less than 10 mW. EL fatigue is analyzed and minimized in this display sweep technique.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32284/1/0000351.pd

Phencyclidine-like catalepsy induced by the excitatory amino acid antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate

This study presents experimental evidence for the mediation of a behavioral effect of phencyclidine-like drugs by inhibition of neurotransmission at excitatory synapses utilizing N-methyl-aspartate (NMA) receptors by showing that -2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, a selective NMA antagonist, produces phencyclidine-like catalepsy in pigeons. This finding suggests the possibility that other behavioral actions of phencyclidine-like substances may be mediated in a similar fashion.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26248/1/0000328.pd

Excitatory amino acid antagonists induce a phencyclidine-like catalepsy in pigeons: Structure-activity studies

The excitatory amino acid antagonists -2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (-AP5), its isomers -(-)-AP5 and -(+)-AP5, -2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (AP4), -2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate (AP7), [beta]--aspartylaminomethylphosphonic acid (ASP-AMP), cis-2,3-piperidinedi-carboxylic acid (cis-PDA), and [gamma]--glutamylaminomethylsulphonic acid (GAMS) were tested for their ability to produce a phencyclidine (PCP)-like catalepsy in pigeons when administered intracerebro-ventricularly. Each of the antagonists produced catalepsy, although -AP5, and the non-selective antagonists GAMS and cis-PDA, produced the effect only at toxic doses. The rank order of potency to produce catalepsy was AP7 > -AP5 > -AP5 > cis-pda > ASP-AMP > AP4 > -AP5 > GAMS; there was a strong positive correlation between this rank order of potency vivo and the potency order of these compounds in vitro as NMDA antagonists. The antagonists did not displace significant amounts of [3H]N[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine (a congener of phencyclidine) from its recognition site in the brain of pigeon. Thus, the PCP-like catalepsy that is produced by the excitatory neurotransmission at NMDA-preferring receptors that are distinct from, but related to, PCP receptors. The results strongly support the hypothesis that a reduction of neurotransmission at excitatory synapses, utilizing NMDA-preferring receptors, may underlie catalepsy in pigeons induced by PCP.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26604/1/0000145.pd

A simple and rapid method for assessing similarities among directly observable behavioral effects of drugs: PCP-like effects of 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate in rats

Directly observable behavioral effects of the N-methyl- D -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (AP5) (10–1,000 mg/kg IP, 0.18–5.6 μmol/rat ICV) and of phencyclidine (PCP) (3.2–56 mg/kg IP, 0.032–3.2 mg/rat ICV), ketamine (10–100 mg/kg), amphetamine (1–18 mg/kg), apomorphine (0.1–5.6 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (1–100 mg/kg), and pentobarbital (3.2–56 mg/kg) were studied in rats. Pharmacologically specific results were obtained rapidly and reliably, using a cumulative dosing procedure. Cluster analysis grouped the drug treatments, on the basis of their similarities in producing different behavioral activities, into three main clusters; characteristically, stimulant drugs (amphetamine, apomorphine) produced sniffing and gnawing; PCP-like drugs (PCP, ketamine) produced locomotion, sniffing, swaying and falling; sedative drugs (pentobarbital, chlordiazepoxide) produced loss of righting. The behavioral effects of ICV administration of AP5 were more similar to the effects of PCP-like drugs than to the effects of either stimulant or sedative drugs, thus supporting the hypothesis that the behavioral effects of PCP-like drugs may result from reduced neurotransmission at excitatory synapses utilizing NMDA preferring receptors. The present procedure is simple, rapid and may provide a useful approach in the classification of behaviorally active drugs.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46445/1/213_2004_Article_BF00518181.pd

Electroluminiscent-piezoelectric flat-panel displays

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/6850/5/bad0882.0001.001.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/6850/4/bad0882.0001.001.tx

Theta and Alpha Alterations in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment in Semantic Go/NoGo Tasks

Growing evidence suggests that cognitive control processes are impaired in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI); however the nature of these alterations needs further examination. The current study examined differences in electroencephalographic theta and alpha power related to cognitive control processes involving response execution and response inhibition in 22 individuals with aMCI and 22 age-, sex-, and education-matched cognitively normal controls. Two Go/NoGo tasks involving semantic categorization were used. In the basic categorization task, Go/NoGo responses were made based on exemplars of a single car (Go) and a single dog (NoGo). In the superordinate categorization task, responses were made based on multiple exemplars of objects (Go) and animals (NoGo). Behavioral data showed that the aMCI group had more false alarms during the NoGo trials compared to controls. The EEG data revealed between group differences related to response type in theta (4–7 Hz) and low-frequency alpha (8–10 Hz) power. In particular, the aMCI group differed from controls in theta power during the NoGo trials at frontal and parietal electrodes, and in low-frequency alpha power during Go trials at parietal electrodes. These results suggest that alterations in theta power converge with behavioral deterioration in response inhibition, whereas alterations in low-frequency alpha power appear to precede behavioral changes in response execution. Both behavioral and electrophysiological correlates combined provide a more comprehensive characterization of cognitive control deficits in aMCI

Photovoltaic Effects in Rutile

The ultraviolet photovoltaic response of barrier‐layer cells formed from single‐crystal rutile has been investigated. Typical samples have response maxima at 3200 Å, a D* of 109 cm cps1∕2∕W, and time constants of 100 μsec. Variations in time constant over several orders of magnitude have been observed, dependent largely on preparative technique. The effect of surface treatment on cell characteristics is discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70227/2/JAPIAU-35-6-1868-1.pd