14,091 research outputs found
CARMA interferometric observations of 2MASS J044427+2512: the first spatially resolved observations of thermal emission of a brown dwarf disk
We present CARMA 1.3 mm continuum data of the disk surrounding the young
brown dwarf 2MASS J044427+2512 in the Taurus molecular cloud. The high angular
resolution of the CARMA observations (0.16 arcsec) allows us to spatially
resolve for the first time the thermal emission from dust around a brown dwarf.
We analyze the interferometric visibilities and constrain the disk outer radius
adopting disk models with power-law radial profiles of the dust surface
density. In the case of a power-law index equal to or lower than 1, we obtain a
disk radius in the range of about 15 - 30 AU, while larger disks are inferred
for steeper radial profiles. By combining this information on the disk spatial
extent with the sub-mm spectral index of this source we find conclusive
evidence for mm-sized grains, or larger, in this brown dwarf disk. We discuss
the implications of our results on the models of dust evolution in
proto-planetary disks and brown dwarf formation.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
A hot bubble at the centre of M81
Context. Messier 81 has the nearest active nucleus with broad H
emission. A detailed study of this galaxy's centre is important for
understanding the innermost structure of the AGN phenomenon.
Aims. Our goal is to seek previously undetected structures using additional
techniques to reanalyse a data cube obtained with the GMOS-IFU installed on the
Gemini North telescope (Schnorr M\"uller et al. 2011).
Method. We analysed the data cube using techniques of noise reduction,
spatial deconvolution, starlight subtraction, PCA tomography, and comparison
with HST images.
Results. We identified a hot bubble with T 43500 K that is associated
with strong emission of [N II]5755\AA\ and a high [O
I]6300/H ratio; the bubble displays a bluish continuum,
surrounded by a thin shell of H + [N II] emission. We also reinterpret
the outflow found by Schnorr M\"uller et al. (2011) showing that the
blueshifted cone nearly coincides with the radio jet, as expected.
Conclusions. We interpret the hot bubble as having been caused by post
starburst events that left one or more clusters of young stars, similar to the
ones found at the centre of the Milky Way, such as the Arches and the IRS 16
clusters. Shocked structures from combined young stellar winds or supernova
remnants are probably the cause of this hot gas and the low ionization
emission.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&
Ising spin glass transition in magnetic field out of mean-field
The spin-glass transition in external magnetic field is studied both in and
out of the limit of validity of mean-field theory on a diluted one dimensional
chain of Ising spins where exchange bonds occur with a probability decaying as
the inverse power of the distance. Varying the power in this long-range model
corresponds, in a one-to-one relationship, to change the dimension in
spin-glass short-range models. Evidence for a spin-glass transition in magnetic
field is found also for systems whose equivalent dimension is below the upper
critical dimension at zero magnetic field.Comment: 5 pages, 1 table, 6 figures, data analysis mistake corrected, new
figures, new scaling approach to critical properties introduce
Diluted one-dimensional spin glasses with power law decaying interactions
We introduce a diluted version of the one dimensional spin-glass model with
interactions decaying in probability as an inverse power of the distance. In
this model varying the power corresponds to change the dimension in short-range
models. The spin-glass phase is studied in and out of the range of validity of
the mean-field approximation in order to discriminate between different
theories. Since each variable interacts only with a finite number of others the
cost for simulating the model is drastically reduced with respect to the fully
connected version and larger sizes can be studied. We find both static and
dynamic evidence in favor of the so-called replica symmetry breaking theory.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
The effect of local optically thick regions in the long-wave emission of young circumstellar disks
Multi-wavelength observations of protoplanetary disks in the sub-millimeter
continuum have measured spectral indices values which are significantly lower
than what is found in the diffuse interstellar medium. Under the assumption
that mm-wave emission of disks is mostly optically thin, these data have been
generally interpreted as evidence for the presence of mm/cm-sized pebbles in
the disk outer regions. In this work we investigate the effect of possible
local optically thick regions on the mm-wave emission of protoplanetary disks
without mm/cm-sized grains. A significant local increase of the optical depth
in the disk can be caused by the concentration of solid particles, as predicted
to result from a variety of proposed physical mechanisms. We calculate the
filling factors and implied overdensities these optically thick regions would
need to significantly affect the millimeter fluxes of disks, and we discuss
their plausibility. We find that optically thick regions characterized by
relatively small filling factors can reproduce the mm-data of young disks
without requesting emission from mm/cm-sized pebbles. However, these optically
thick regions require dust overdensities much larger than what predicted by any
of the physical processes proposed in the literature to drive the concentration
of solids. We find that only for the most massive disks it is possible and
plausible to imagine that the presence of optically thick regions in the disk
is responsible for the low measured values of the mm spectral index. For the
majority of the disk population, optically thin emission from a population of
large mm-sized grains remains the most plausible explanation. The results of
this analysis further strengthen the scenario for which the measured low
spectral indices of protoplanetary disks at mm wavelengths are due to the
presence of large mm/cm-sized pebbles in the disk outer regions.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, A&A in pres
Reactor Antineutrinos Signal all over the world
We present an updated estimate of reactor antineutrino signal all over the
world, with particular attention to the sites proposed for existing and future
geo-neutrino experiment. In our calculation we take into account the most
updated data on Thermal Power for each nuclear plant, on reactor antineutrino
spectra and on three neutrino oscillation mechanism.Comment: 4 pages including 1 figur
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