Letters to the Editor

Epilepsia. 1999 Oct;40(10):1464-5. Letters to the Editor about Relationship between cysticercosis and epilepsy. Monteiro L, Lopes J, Martins da Silva A. Comment on: Epilepsia. 1998 Oct;39(10):1025-40. PMID: 10528946 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE

Variação da eficácia sinérgica do óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L. em função do nível de pureza em dilapiol.

O óleo essencial de P. aduncum é rico em dilapiol, arilpropanóide que inibe enzimas oxidases e esterases dos insetos, diminuindo as doses comerciais de diferentes grupos químicos de inseticidas, incluindo-se neonicotinóides. Formulações comerciais de imidacloprido são registradas para o controle de uma gama significativa de pragas de diversas culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito sinérgico de diferentes níveis de pureza deste óleo essencial quando combinado a uma formulação comercial de imidacloprido. Os experimentos foram realizados em laboratório, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, de sete concentrações de cada uma dos níveis de pureza do óleo (65%, 72%, 77%, 82% e 100%) combinados com o inseticida. Esses tratamentos foram comparados á testemunha (solvente acetona) e ao butóxido de piperonila (PBO). A proporção dos sinérgicos em relação ao inseticida foi de10: 1. Lagartas de terceiro instar de Spodoptera Frugiperda J. E. Smith, 1797 foram individualizadas em placas de Petri, após a aplicação de 1,0 ul de cada tratamento no pronoto. As DL50 foram obtidas por Analise de Probit. Os fatores de sinergismo (FS) foram calculados por meio da razão entre o valor da DL50 do inseticida, tomado isoladamente, com as DL50 das combinações do imidacloprido com cada nível de pureza do óleo. Houve uma crescente atividade sinérgica do óleo em função do aumento do nível de pureza: 65% (FS= 216); 72% (FS=414), 77% (FS=499), 82% (FS=1.453), decrescendo consideravelmente, com a purificação total do óleo (FS=162). Independente do nível de pureza considerado nas combinações com imidacloprido, os valores de FS foram significativamente superiores à combinação dele com o PBO (FS= 27). Outros compostos minoritários do óleo essencial de P. aduncum, tais como: safrol, meristicina, apiol e linalol podem estar envolvidos na complementação sinérgica do dilapiol, necessitando de avaliações adicionais das frações e isolados deste composto

Synergistic potential of dillapiole oil for synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against the fall armyworm.

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a serious lepidopterous pest of several economically important crops. Control of the fall armyworm has depended exclusively on insecticides. As a result, this pest has developed resistance to major classes of insecticides. There has been mounting interest in the use of synergist to reduce this resistance by combined application of insecticide with synergists. A highly effective, expensive insecticide might be used at a diluted rate with a less expensive chemical to give satisfactory control of a target insect and minimize the contamination of agro ecosystem

Synergistic potential of dillapiole-rich essential oil with synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against fall armyworm.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the synergy and response homogeneity of the Spodoptera frugiperda larvae population to the Piper aduncum essential oil in combination with pyrethroid insecticides (alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, and gamma-cyhalothrin) compared to piperonylbutoxide (PBO) as positive control. Synergism (SF) comparisons were obtained using lethal concentration (LC50) and lethal dose (LD50) ratios of insecticides individually and in their respective synergistic combinations with essential oil and PBO. Dose/concentration-mortality slope curves were used to establish relative toxicity increase promoted by synergism. They also determined homogeneity response. Residual contact revealed significant potentiation for commercial insecticides formulated with beta-cypermethrin (SF=9.05-0.5) and fenpropathrin (SF=34.05-49.77) when combined with the P. aduncum essential oil. For topical contact, significant potentiation occurred only for alpha-cypermethrin (SF=7.55-3.68), fenpropathrin (SF=3.37-1.21), and gamma-cyhalothrin (SF=5.79-10.48) insecticides when combined with essential oil. With the exception of fenpropathrin and gamma-cyhalothrin, insecticides synergistic combinations presented homogeneous response by topical as well as residual contact at least with essential oil. The SF significance values of the P. aduncum essential oil combined with alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, fenpropathrin, and gamma-cyhalothrin insecticides indicated potential for this oil to be used as an alternative to PBO

Quadriceps foam rolling and rolling massage increases hip flexion and extension passive range-of-motion

Increases in joint range-of-motion may be beneficial for improving performance and reducing injury risk. This study investigated the effects of different self-massage volumes and modalities on passive hip range-of-motion. Twenty-five recreationally resistance-trained men performed four experimental protocols using a counterbalanced, randomized, and within-subjects design; foam rolling (FR) or roller massage (RM) for 60 or 120-s. Passive hip flexion and extension range-of-motion were measured in a counterbalanced and randomized order via manual goniometry before self-massage (baseline) and immediately, 10-, 20-, and 30-min following each self-massage intervention. Following FR or RM of quadriceps, there was an increase in hip flexion range-of-motion at Post-0 (FR: Δ = 19.28°; RM: Δ = 14.96°), Post-10 (FR: Δ = 13.03°; RM: Δ = 10.40°), and Post-20 (FR: Δ = 6.00°; RM: Δ = 4.64°) for all protocols, but these did not exceed the minimum detectable change at Post-10 for RM60 and RM120, and Post-20 for FR60, FR120, RM60, and RM120. Similarly, hip extension range-of-motion increased at Post-0 (FR: Δ = 8.56°; RM: Δ = 6.56°), Post-10 (FR: Δ = 4.64°; RM: Δ = 3.92°), and Post-20 (FR: Δ = 2.80°; RM: Δ = 1.92°), but did not exceed the minimum detectable change at Post-10 for FR60, RM60, and RM120, and Post-20 for FR60, FR120, RM60, and RM120. In conclusion, both FR and RM increased hip range-of-motion but larger volumes (120- vs. 60-second) and FR produced the greatest increases. These findings have implications for self-massage prescription and implementation, in both rehabilitation and athletic populations