1,032 research outputs found

    Self-organized criticality in a rice-pile model

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    We present a new model for relaxations in piles of granular material. The relaxations are determined by a stochastic rule which models the effect of friction between the grains. We find power-law distributions for avalanche sizes and lifetimes characterized by the exponents τ=1.53±0.05\tau = 1.53 \pm 0.05 and y=1.84±0.05y = 1.84 \pm 0.05, respectively. For the discharge events, we find a characteristic size that scales with the system size as LμL^\mu, with μ=1.20±0.05\mu = 1.20 \pm 0.05. We also find that the frequency of the discharge events decrease with the system size as LμL^{-\mu'} with μ=1.20±0.05\mu' = 1.20 \pm 0.05.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, multicol, epsf, rotate (sty files provided). To appear Phys. Rev. E Rapid Communication (Nov or Dec 96

    Active Width at a Slanted Active Boundary in Directed Percolation

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    The width W of the active region around an active moving wall in a directed percolation process diverges at the percolation threshold p_c as W \simeq A \epsilon^{-\nu_\parallel} \ln(\epsilon_0/\epsilon), with \epsilon=p_c-p, \epsilon_0 a constant, and \nu_\parallel=1.734 the critical exponent of the characteristic time needed to reach the stationary state \xi_\parallel \sim \epsilon^{-\nu_\parallel}. The logarithmic factor arises from screening of statistically independent needle shaped sub clusters in the active region. Numerical data confirm this scaling behaviour.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

    Sow body condition at weaning and reproduction performance in organic piglet production

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    The objective was to investigate the variation in backfat at weaning and its relations to reproduction results in organic sow herds in Denmark. The study included eight herds and 573 sows. The average backfat at weaning mean�13 mm; SD�4.2 mm) ranging from 10.5 to 17.3 mm among herds shows that it is possible to avoid poor body condition at weaning even with a lactation length of seven weeks or more. No main effect of backfat at weaning on reproduction performance was found, but the probability of a successful reproduction after weaning tended to decrease with decreasing backfat for first parity sows, whereas the opposite was the case for multiparous sows

    Universality classes for rice-pile models

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    We investigate sandpile models where the updating of unstable columns is done according to a stochastic rule. We examine the effect of introducing nonlocal relaxation mechanisms. We find that the models self-organize into critical states that belong to three different universality classes. The models with local relaxation rules belong to a known universality class that is characterized by an avalanche exponent τ1.55\tau \approx 1.55, whereas the models with nonlocal relaxation rules belong to new universality classes characterized by exponents τ1.35\tau \approx 1.35 and τ1.63\tau \approx 1.63. We discuss the values of the exponents in terms of scaling relations and a mapping of the sandpile models to interface models.Comment: 4 pages, including 3 figure

    Surface Critical Behavior in Systems with Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions

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    We study the surface critical behavior of branching-annihilating random walks with an even number of offspring (BARW) and directed percolation (DP) using a variety of theoretical techniques. Above the upper critical dimensions d_c, with d_c=4 (DP) and d_c=2 (BARW), we use mean field theory to analyze the surface phase diagrams using the standard classification into ordinary, special, surface, and extraordinary transitions. For the case of BARW, at or below the upper critical dimension, we use field theoretic methods to study the effects of fluctuations. As in the bulk, the field theory suffers from technical difficulties associated with the presence of a second critical dimension. However, we are still able to analyze the phase diagrams for BARW in d=1,2, which turn out to be very different from their mean field analog. Furthermore, for the case of BARW only (and not for DP), we find two independent surface beta_1 exponents in d=1, arising from two distinct definitions of the order parameter. Using an exact duality transformation on a lattice BARW model in d=1, we uncover a relationship between these two surface beta_1 exponents at the ordinary and special transitions. Many of our predictions are supported using Monte-Carlo simulations of two different models belonging to the BARW universality class.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, minor additions, 1 reference adde

    Directed Percolation with a Wall or Edge

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    We examine the effects of introducing a wall or edge into a directed percolation process. Scaling ansatzes are presented for the density and survival probability of a cluster in these geometries, and we make the connection to surface critical phenomena and field theory. The results of previous numerical work for a wall can thus be interpreted in terms of surface exponents satisfying scaling relations generalising those for ordinary directed percolation. New exponents for edge directed percolation are also introduced. They are calculated in mean-field theory and measured numerically in 2+1 dimensions.Comment: 14 pages, submitted to J. Phys.

    Spectroscopy of 194^{194}Po

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    Prompt, in-beam γ\gamma rays following the reaction 170^{170}Yb + 142 MeV 28^{28}Si were measured at the ATLAS facility using 10 Compton-suppressed Ge detectors and the Fragment Mass Analyzer. Transitions in 194^{194}Po were identified and placed using γ\gamma-ray singles and coincidence data gated on the mass of the evaporation residues. A level spectrum up to J\approx10\hbar was established. The structure of 194^{194}Po is more collective than that observed in the heavier polonium isotopes and indicates that the structure has started to evolve towards the more collective nature expected for deformed nuclei.Comment: 8 pages, revtex 3.0, 4 figs. available upon reques
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