24 research outputs found
The Great Separation: Top Earner Segregation at Work in High-Income Countries
Analyzing linked employer-employee panel administrative databases, we study the evolving isolation of higher earners from other employees in eleven countries: Canada, Czechia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Norway, Spain, South Korea, and Sweden. We find in almost all countries a growing workplace isolation of top earners and dramatically declining exposure of top earners to bottom earners. We compare these trends to segregation based on occupational class, education, age, gender, and nativity, finding that the rise in top earner isolation is much more dramatic and general across countries. We find that residential segregation is also growing, although more slowly than segregation at work, with top earners and bottom earners increasingly living in different distinct municipalities. While work and residential segregation are correlated, statistical modeling suggests that the primary causal effect is from work to residential segregation. These findings open up a future research program on the causes and consequences of top earner segregation.En nous appuyant sur des donnĂ©es administratives longitudinales employeurâemployĂ©s, nous analysons lâĂ©volution de la sĂ©grĂ©gation sociale des salariĂ©s Ă hauts salaires dans onze pays: Allemagne, Canada, CorĂ©e du Sud, Danemark, Espagne, France, Hongrie, Japon, NorvĂšge, RĂ©publique tchĂšque et SuĂšde. Nous constatons dans presque tous les pays une forte augmentation de lâentre soi des salariĂ©s bien payĂ©s sur le lieu de travail et une diminution spectaculaire de leur exposition aux bas salaires. Nous comparons ces tendances Ă lâĂ©volution de la sĂ©grĂ©gation fondĂ©e sur la catĂ©gorie sociale, lâĂ©ducation, lâĂąge, le sexe et le statut migratoire, et nous constatons que lâaugmentation de lâentre soi des hauts salaires est celle qui est la plus prononcĂ©e et la plus gĂ©nĂ©rale. Nous montrons que la sĂ©grĂ©gation rĂ©sidentielle se dĂ©veloppe aussi, bien que plus lentement que la sĂ©grĂ©gation au travail, avec les hauts et les bas salaires vivant de plus en plus dans des municipalitĂ©s distinctes. SĂ©grĂ©gation au travail et sĂ©grĂ©gation rĂ©sidentielle sont corrĂ©lĂ©es. Mais nos modĂšles statistiques suggĂšrent aussi que la principale relation de causalitĂ© va de la sĂ©grĂ©gation au travail vers la sĂ©grĂ©gation rĂ©sidentielle. Ces rĂ©sultats ouvrent la voie Ă un futur programme de recherche sur les causes et les consĂ©quences de la sĂ©grĂ©gation des hauts salaires.1 Introduction 2 From ethnic residential segregation to earnings segregation at work 3 Administrative data for estimating exposure measures 4 A strong increase in earnings segregation at work 5 A robust trend 17 French robustness tests 6 A specific trend 7 The link between work and residential segregation 8 Elements for a research program on the causes and consequences of increasing segregation at work The roots of growing earnings segregation at work The consequences of growing earnings segregation at work Appendices A1 Data sources and sample definition A2 Demonstration of the symmetry of relative exposure gRh = hRg A3 Figure construction A4 French robustness checks Supplementary figures and tables Reference
TRANSITION STRUCTURALE DANS LE PARATERPHĂNYLE
Une transition antiferroréorientationnelle a été mise en évidence pour le paraterphényle. L'absence de discontinuité du paramÚtre d'ordre et l'existence d'une forte diffusion critique anisotrope soulignent la nature critique de cette transition.An antiferro-reorientational phase transition has been seen in para-terphenyl. The absence of any discontinuity in the order-parameter and the presence of strong critical scattering emphasizes the critical nature of the transition