Summary Jurisdiction in Bankruptcy: Katchen v. Landy and Questions Left Unanswered

This article deals with a complex and conceptually difficult phase of bankruptcy law. It is not written for the beginner, for it does not contain all the background material necessary to effectuate a full understanding of the area. But it is extremely objective, and it exhaustively treats the relevant appellate court decisions. For the informed reader, therefore, it is both thought-provoking and an invaluable research tool

Action Potential Gating of Calcium Channels and Transmitter Release

The regulation of transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction is tightly regulated by the influx of calcium in the presynaptic nerve terminal. Interestingly, the probability that release sites at the neuromuscular junction will liberate transmitter during each action potential is very low. The reasons for this low probability of release are not well understood. To test the hypothesis that individual N-type calcium channels open with a low probability, single channel recordings of N-type voltage-gated calcium channels were performed. Using this approach I determined the conductance of these channels, their probability of gating during an action potential waveform, and the magnitude of calcium flux during a single channel opening. I conclude from these studies that N-type voltage-gated calcium channels have a very low probability of opening (< 5%) during an action potential and the characteristics of calcium entry during single channel openings can help to explain the low probability of transmitter release at release sites in the neuromuscular junction. To understand how calcium current is activated physiologically, the activation and resulting current from N-type calcium channels elicited by different action potential waveforms were studied. This work was carried out at both room temperature and 37°C to provide a physiological context. Using the whole-cell patch clamp techniques, I studied the activation of current during various action potential shapes and conditions, and the kinetics of N- and L-type current activation. Using this approach I determined that N-type channels activate more slowly than L-type. Furthermore, depending on the action potential shape used and the temperature, action potentials can activate varying proportions (I/Imax) of N-type calcium current (ranging from 10-100%). Under physiological conditions using a frog motoneuron action potential waveform I determined that there was a very low proportion of calcium current activated by a natural action potential (~32%). Adenosine 5´-triphosphate (ATP) is co-released with acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction, and has been found to inhibit transmission. I used the cutaneous pectoris muscle of the Rana pipiens to study ATP-mediated modulation of ACh release. Intracellular postsynaptic recordings were used as a measure of ACh release, and agents that perturb the ATP signaling were examined

Behavioral Recognition: Computer Algorithms Alerting Law Enforcement to Suspicious Activity

Abstrac

An improved analytical model of the separation region on boattail nozzles at subsonic speeds

A practical engineering calculation was developed to model the viscous effects of a separated, reverse flow region on afterbody pressures and drag. This viscous calculation was iteratively coupled with an inviscid flow calculation by means of an aerodynamic interface. A standard boundary layer displacement thickness was used to modify the afterbody shape where the flow was attached. A discriminating streamline calculation was developed to account for displacement effects of the reverse flow in separated regions with and without a flowing jet. The viscous flow calculation was coupled with a potential flow calculation. The analysis accurately predicted afterbody pressures and drag with variations in Reynolds number, Mach number, and afterbody shape

Bino Dark Matter and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis in the Constrained E6SSM with Massless Inert Singlinos

We discuss a new variant of the E6 inspired supersymmetric standard model (E6SSM) in which the two inert singlinos are exactly massless and the dark matter candidate has a dominant bino component. A successful relic density is achieved via a novel mechanism in which the bino scatters inelastically into heavier inert Higgsinos during the time of thermal freeze-out. The two massless inert singlinos contribute to the effective number of neutrino species at the time of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, where the precise contribution depends on the mass of the Z' which keeps them in equilibrium. For example for mZ' > 1300 GeV we find Neff \approx 3.2, where the smallness of the additional contribution is due to entropy dilution. We study a few benchmark points in the constrained E6SSM with massless inert singlinos to illustrate this new scenario.Comment: 24 pages, revised for publication in JHE

Energy Conversion Alternatives Study (ECAS), phase 2. Integrated coal gasifier/molten carbonate fuel cell powerplant conceptual design and implementation assessment

For abstract, see N77-26631

Filter cassette for high volume air sampler

Filter cassette eliminates or substantially reduces contamination of filter media by extraneous material and facilitates handling