‘Crafting Conductive Circuits and Capacitive Surfaces in Glass’. Making Futures Vol. 5., Plymouth: Plymouth College of Art. ISSN 2042-1664

Engaging the theme of Curating Maker Cultures, thais presentation features methods and processes used in the development of conductive circuits in handcrafted glass and copper combined with interactive sensors. It will also include a display of resulting objects, which have been created in a series of cross-disciplinary workshops that demonstrate the exposure of existing potentials for combining artisanal glassmaking with digital manufacture and interactive electronics. For over a decade, National Glass Centre Research at the University of Sunderland has developing digital making in a material that has a long history of making by hand. In particular it has pioneered the creative use of waterjet cutting in glass, and has pursued a shift toward digital craft in its curriculum. This project, however, seeks to consider continuity in craft as a way of thinking rather than as distinct areas of practice and encouraging new and best practice using both digital and manual making. This collaboration with the Craft Futures research group at Northumbria University and their combined Centre for Doctoral Training involves academic and student researchers from both universities as well as Newcastle University’s OpenLab. The project seeks to provide a demonstration of a new area of thinking in which the combined skills of makers drives forward new opportunities of forms of interaction with crafted objects and for traditional craftspeople to form a connection with digital possibilities in creative work. While there are many coders and potentials for interactions, the exploration of handcrafted glass and copper constructions offer new possibilities for interfaces. Glass is a material that can be formed through skillful blowing, casting, cutting and kilnforming. It adds potential uses of colour, transparency, weight and potential for optical effects. Combined with sensors a myriad of effects can be achieved. So far the workshops have yielded experiments in 3-dimensional circuits through integrating glass with a conductive material. Copper, a compatible material, has been embedded within melted glass to create an interface for an LED ‘light-writer’ that can produce a range of RGB colours transmitted through the glass surfaces. A colour sensor is being developed to compare synthetic light to objects in coloured glass. Contoured air pockets have been waterjet cut and trapped within solid glass blocks to create circuits using solid or liquid conductive materials. Screenprinting techniques are being used to create ornamental circuitry within glass tiles. Copper wire cages form ‘electric veins’ that constrict unique blown glass vessels. The project is ongoing and it is anticipated that objects can be demonstrated at Making Futures. This study is an exploration of materiality and the creation of artefacts as meaningful moments in art, craft and design. By working with researchers with a broad range of craft specialisms, we are using this collaboration to rethink the partnership of materials

A Three-Year Longitudinal Study of Change in Student Learning Styles

Kolb\u27s (1985) Learning Style Inventory and theories of learning preferences have become increasingly popular as a method for measuring preferred approaches for acquiring information and learning in classroom settings. Using Kolob\u27s (1985) theory; a number of researchers have argued that as students move through their college experience, their learning styles are likely to undergo significant changes. This paper reports on the results of a three-year longitudinal study that investigated the actual degree of learning style changes for a sample of college students in business, offering mixed support for the contention that learning styles are likely to change over a student\u27s college career

Dear Wife : the Civil War letters of Chester K. Leach

Occasional paper (University of Vermont. Center for Research on Vermont) ; no. 20

Anisotropic Small-Polaron Hopping In W:Bivo4 Single Crystals

DC electrical conductivity, Seebeck and Hall coefficients are measured between 300 and 450 K on single crystals of monoclinic bismuth vanadate that are doped n-type with 0.3% tungsten donors (W:BiVO4). Strongly activated small-polaron hopping is implied by the activation energies of the Arrhenius conductivities (about 300 meV) greatly exceeding the energies characterizing the falls of the Seebeck coefficients' magnitudes with increasing temperature (about 50 meV). Small-polaron hopping is further evidenced by the measured Hall mobility in the ab-plane (10(-1) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) at 300 K) being larger and much less strongly activated than the deduced drift mobility (about 5 x 10(-5) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) at 300 K). The conductivity and n-type Seebeck coefficient is found to be anisotropic with the conductivity larger and the Seebeck coefficient's magnitude smaller and less temperature dependent for motion within the ab-plane than that in the c-direction. These anisotropies are addressed by considering highly anisotropic next-nearest-neighbor (approximate to 5 angstrom) transfers in addition to the somewhat shorter (approximate to 4 angstrom), nearly isotropic nearest-neighbor transfers. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), DE-FG02-09ER16119Welch Foundation Grant F-1436Hemphill-Gilmore Endowed FellowshipNSF MIRT DMR 1122603Chemical EngineeringTexas Materials InstituteChemistr

Resummed thermodynamic perturbation theory for bond cooperativity in associating fluids

We develop a resummed thermodynamic perturbation theory for bond cooperativity in associating fluids by extension of Wertheim's multi - density formalism. We specifically consider the case of an associating hard sphere with two association sites and both pairwise and triplet contributions to the energy. To test the theory we perform new monte carlo simulations. Theory and simulation are found to be in excellent agreement

Integrated signaling in developing lymphocytes: The role of DNA damage responses

Lymphocyte development occurs in a stepwise progression through distinct developmental stages. This ordered maturation ensures that cells express a single, non-autoreactive antigen receptor, which is the cornerstone of a diverse adaptive immune response. Expression of a mature antigen receptor requires assembly of the antigen receptor genes by the process of V(D)J recombination, a reaction that joins distant gene segments through DNA double-strand break (DSB) intermediates. These physiologic DSBs are generated by the recombinase-activating gene (RAG) -1 and -2 proteins, and their generation is regulated by lymphocyte and developmental stage-specific signals from cytokine receptors and antigen receptor chains. Collectively, these signals ensure that V(D)J recombination of specific antigen receptor genes occurs at discrete developmental stages. Once generated, RAG-induced DSBs activate the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase to orchestrate a multifaceted DNA damage response that ensures proper DSB repair. In response to RAG DSBs, ATM also regulates a cell type-specific transcriptional response, and here we discuss how this genetic program integrates with other cellular cues to regulate lymphocyte development

Grief and Avoidant Death Attitudes Combine to Predict the Fading Affect Bias

The fading affect bias (FAB) occurs when unpleasant affect fades faster than pleasant affect. To detect mechanisms that influence the FAB in the context of death, we measured neuroticism, depression, anxiety, negative religious coping, death attitudes, and complicated grief as potential predictors of FAB for unpleasant/death and pleasant events at 2 points in time. The FAB was robust across older and newer events, which supported the mobilization-minimization hypothesis. Unexpectedly, complicated grief positively predicted FAB, and death avoidant attitudes moderated this relation, such that the Initial Event Affect by Grief interaction was only significant at the highest 3 quintiles of death avoidant attitudes. These results were likely due to moderate grief ratings, which were, along with avoidant death attitudes, related to healthy outcomes in past research. These results implicate complicated grief and death avoidant attitudes as resiliency mechanisms that are mobilized during bereavement to minimize its unpleasant effects

Toward vicarious calibration of microwave remote-sensing satellites in arid environments

The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite marks the commencement of dedicated global surface soil moisture missions, and the first mission to make passive microwave observations at L-band. On-orbit calibration is an essential part of the instrument calibration strategy, but on-board beam-filling targets are not practical for such large apertures. Therefore, areas to serve as vicarious calibration targets need to be identified. Such sites can only be identified through field experiments including both in situ and airborne measurements. For this purpose, two field experiments were performed in central Australia. Three areas are studied as follows: 1) Lake Eyre, a typically dry salt lake; 2) Wirrangula Hill, with sparse vegetation and a dense cover of surface rock; and 3) Simpson Desert, characterized by dry sand dunes. Of those sites, only Wirrangula Hill and the Simpson Desert are found to be potentially suitable targets, as they have a spatial variation in brightness temperatures of <4 K under normal conditions. However, some limitations are observed for the Simpson Desert, where a bias of 15 K in vertical and 20 K in horizontal polarization exists between model predictions and observations, suggesting a lack of understanding of the underlying physics in this environment. Subsequent comparison with model predictions indicates a SMOS bias of 5 K in vertical and 11 K in horizontal polarization, and an unbiased root mean square difference of 10 K in both polarizations for Wirrangula Hill. Most importantly, the SMOS observations show that the brightness temperature evolution is dominated by regular seasonal patterns and that precipitation events have only little impact

Evolved Resistance to a Novel Cationic Peptide Antibiotic Requires High Mutation Supply

Background and Objectives A key strategy for resolving the antibiotic resistance crisis is the development of new drugs with antimicrobial properties. The engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide WLBU2 (also known as PLG0206) is a promising broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound that has completed Phase I clinical studies. It has activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including infections associated with biofilm. No definitive mechanisms of resistance to WLBU2 have been identified. Methodology Here, we used experimental evolution under different levels of mutation supply and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to detect the genetic pathways and probable mechanisms of resistance to this peptide. We propagated populations of wild-type and hypermutator Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of WLBU2 and performed WGS of evolved populations and clones. Results Populations that survived WLBU2 treatment acquired a minimum of two mutations, making the acquisition of resistance more difficult than for most antibiotics, which can be tolerated by mutation of a single target. Major targets of resistance to WLBU2 included the orfN and pmrB genes, previously described to confer resistance to other cationic peptides. More surprisingly, mutations that increase aggregation such as the wsp pathway were also selected despite the ability of WLBU2 to kill cells growing in a biofilm. Conclusions and implications The results show how experimental evolution and WGS can identify genetic targets and actions of new antimicrobial compounds and predict pathways to resistance of new antibiotics in clinical practice