548 research outputs found
Progress in the Development of the 1 m Model of the 70 mm Aperture Quadrupole for the LHC Low- Insertions
Within the LHC magnet development program Oxford Instruments has built a one metre model of the 70Â mm aperture low-beta quadrupole. The magnet features a four layer coil wound from two 8.2 mm wide graded NbTi cables, and is designed for 250Â T/m at 1.9Â K. The magnet has previously been tested between 4.5Â K and 2.3Â K. In this paper we review the magnet rebuild and the subsequent tests. Results on magnet training at 4.3Â K and 1.9Â K are presented along with the results related to quench protection studies.
Quench Performance and Field Quality Measurements of the First LHC low- Quadrupole Model
As part of the LHC magnet development program, CERN in collaboration with Oxford Instruments has designed, built and tested a one metre model of a 70 mm aperture low-beta quadrupole. The magnet features a four layer coil, and is designed for 250 T/m at 1.9 K. We review the results of the magnet training and quench propagation studies performed at 4.3 K and 1.9 K, and report on the magnetic field measurements
Colossal magnetocapacitance and scale-invariant dielectric response in phase-separated manganites
Thin films of strongly-correlated electron materials (SCEM) are often grown
epitaxially on planar substrates and typically have anisotropic properties that
are usually not captured by edge-mounted four-terminal electrical measurements,
which are primarily sensitive to in-plane conduction paths. Accordingly, the
correlated interactions in the out-of-plane (perpendicular) direction cannot be
measured but only inferred. We address this shortcoming and show here an
experimental technique in which the SCEM under study, in our case a 600
Angstrom-thick (La1-yPry)0.67Ca0.33MnO3 (LPCMO) film, serves as the base
electrode in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) trilayer capacitor structure. This
unconventional arrangement allows for simultaneous determination of colossal
magnetoresistance (CMR) associated with dc transport parallel to the film
substrate and colossal magnetocapacitance (CMC) associated with ac transport in
the perpendicular direction. We distinguish two distinct strain-related
direction-dependent insulator-metal (IM) transitions and use Cole-Cole plots to
establish a heretofore unobserved collapse of the dielectric response onto a
universal scale-invariant power-law dependence over a large range of frequency,
temperature and magnetic field.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary section included, Submitted to
Nature Physic
Brain iron accumulation affects myelin-related molecular systems implicated in a rare neurogenetic disease family with neuropsychiatric features
The âneurodegeneration with brain iron accumulationâ (NBIA) disease family entails movement or cognitive impairment, often with psychiatric features. To understand how iron loading affects the brain, we studied mice with disruption of two iron regulatory genes, hemochromatosis (Hfe) and transferrin receptor 2 (Tfr2). Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy demonstrated increased iron in the Hfe-/- Ă Tfr2mut brain (P=0.002, n =5/group), primarily localized by Perlsâ staining to myelinated structures. Western immunoblotting showed increases of the iron storage protein ferritin light polypeptide and microarray and real-time reverse transcription-PCR revealed decreased transcript levels (P<0.04, n =5/group) for five other NBIA genes, phospholipase A2 group VI, fatty acid 2-hydroxylase, ceruloplasmin, chromosome 19 open reading frame 12 and ATPase type 13A2. Apart from the ferroxidase ceruloplasmin, all are involved in myelin homeostasis; 16 other myelin-related genes also showed reduced expression (P<0.05), although gross myelin structure and integrity appear unaffected (P>0.05). Overlap (P<0.0001) of differentially expressed genes in Hfe-/- Ă Tfr2mut brain with human gene co-expression networks suggests iron loading influences expression of NBIA-related and myelin-related genes co-expressed in normal human basal ganglia. There was overlap (P<0.0001) of genes differentially expressed in Hfe-/- Ă Tfr2mut brain and post-mortem NBIA basal ganglia. Hfe-/- Ă Tfr2mut mice were hyperactive (P<0.0112) without apparent cognitive impairment by IntelliCage testing (P>0.05). These results implicate myelin-related systems involved in NBIA neuropathogenesis in early responses to iron loading. This may contribute to behavioral symptoms in NBIA and hemochromatosis and is relevant to patients with abnormal iron status and psychiatric disorders involving myelin abnormalities or resistant to conventional treatments
The future of sovereignty in multilevel governance Europe: a constructivist reading
Multilevel governance presents a depiction of contemporary structures in EU Europe as consisting of overlapping authorities and competing competencies. By focusing on emerging non-anarchical structures in the international system, hence moving beyond the conventional hierarchy/anarchy dichotomy to distinguish domestic and international arenas, this seems a radical transformation of the familiar Westphalian system and to undermine state sovereignty. Paradoxically, however, the principle of sovereignty proves to be resilient despite its alleged empirical decline. This article argues that social constructivism can explain the paradox, by considering sovereign statehood as a process-dependent institutional fact, and by showing that multilevel governance can feed into this process
Sliding charge density wave in manganites
The so-called stripe phase of the manganites is an important example of the
complex behaviour of metal oxides, and has long been interpreted as the
localisation of charge at atomic sites. Here, we demonstrate via resistance
measurements on La_{0.50}Ca_{0.50}MnO_3 that this state is in fact a
prototypical charge density wave (CDW) which undergoes collective transport.
Dramatic resistance hysteresis effects and broadband noise properties are
observed, both of which are typical of sliding CDW systems. Moreover, the high
levels of disorder typical of manganites result in behaviour similar to that of
well-known disordered CDW materials. Our discovery that the manganite
superstructure is a CDW shows that unusual transport and structural properties
do not require exotic physics, but can emerge when a well-understood phase (the
CDW) coexists with disorder.Comment: 13 pages; 4 figure
Evaluation Research and Institutional Pressures: Challenges in Public-Nonprofit Contracting
This article examines the connection between program evaluation research and decision-making by public managers. Drawing on neo-institutional theory, a framework is presented for diagnosing the pressures and conditions that lead alternatively toward or away the rational use of evaluation research. Three cases of public-nonprofit contracting for the delivery of major programs are presented to clarify the way coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures interfere with a sound connection being made between research and implementation. The article concludes by considering how public managers can respond to the isomorphic pressures in their environment that make it hard to act on data relating to program performance.This publication is Hauser Center Working Paper No. 23. The Hauser Center Working Paper Series was launched during the summer of 2000. The Series enables the Hauser Center to share with a broad audience important works-in-progress written by Hauser Center scholars and researchers
A Real Space Description of Magnetic Field Induced Melting in the Charge Ordered Manganites: I. The Clean Limit
We study the melting of charge order in the half doped manganites using a
model that incorporates double exchange, antiferromagnetic superexchange, and
Jahn-Teller coupling between electrons and phonons. We primarily use a real
space Monte Carlo technique to study the phase diagram in terms of applied
field and temperature , exploring the melting of charge order with
increasing and its recovery on decreasing . We observe hysteresis in
this response, and discover that the `field melted' high conductance state can
be spatially inhomogeneous even without extrinsic disorder. The hysteretic
response plays out in the background of field driven equilibrium phase
separation. Our results, exploring , , and the electronic parameter
space, are backed up by analysis of simpler limiting cases and a Landau
framework for the field response. This paper focuses on our results in the
`clean' systems, a companion paper studies the effect of cation disorder on the
melting phenomena.Comment: 16 pages, pdflatex, 11 png fig
Incorporation of Radio Frequency Identification Tag in Dentures to Facilitate Recognition and Forensic Human Identification
Forensic identification using odontology is based on the comparison of ante-mortem and post mortem dental records. The insertion of a radio frequency identification (RFId) tag into dentures could be used as an aid to identify decomposed bodies, by storing personal identification data in a small transponder that can be radio-transmitted to a reader connected to a computer. A small passive, 12 x 2,1 mm, read-only RFId-tag was incorporated into the manufacture of three trial complete upper dentures and tested for a signal. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the feasibility of manufacturing such a dental prosthesis, the technical protocols for its implantation in the denture resin and its working principles. Future research and tests are required in order to verify human compatibility of the tagged denture and also to evaluate any potential deterioration in strength when subjected to high temperatures, or for damage resulting from everyday wear and tear. It should also be able to withstand the extreme conditions resulting from major accidents or mass disasters and procedures used to perform a forensic identification
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