Entwicklung von Bestimmungsmethoden fuer NBL-spezifische Pflanzenschutzmittel. T. A: Entwicklung von Anreicherungsmethoden und Bestimmungsverfahren auf der Basis der Festphasenextraktion und Kapillar-GC-Technik Abschlussbericht

Analytical techniques were developed for the determination of specific plant protectives. These are substances which were permitted only in the former German Democratic Republic and which cannot be analyzed according to DIN 38407. In terms of analysis and methodology, the project focused on the development and improvement of GC-internal and GC-external enrichment processes. Within the possibilities of GC-internal analyte concentration, the injection of large-volume samples by means of PTV systematically investigated. The principle is based on the venting of water in the form of steam before the capillary column, the sorption of the analytes in the PTV-insert and subsequent thermodesorption. In principle, the method allows a larger number of plant protectives to be dealth with simultaneously, including such substances for which standardized techniques are already available. By menas of ECD, NPD or MS (SIM) detection it is possible to achieve detection limits of up to 0.01 #mu#g/l. Furthermore, PTV can be made use of as ractor for the production of volatile species from nonvolatile analytes (Buminafos, Chlormequat). Likewise, analytes can be enriched from large volumes of gaseous samples as in the case of the indirect determination of Ethephon. For a number of agents such as Methamidiphos, Trichlorfon, Butonat, Buminafos, Aldimorph and organomercury compounds, conditions were optimized for the GC-external solid-phase or liquid-liquid extraction, respectively. For this purpose, also the newly developed highly active adsorbent resin, LiChrolut EN, was used. For some agents quite specific methods were developed which are based on reaction-headspace GC (Chloral-derivatives, Ethephon). The analytical techniques developed were used for the examination of 20 raw water samples from the drinking water catchment areas of Leipzig and Halle. Only the persistent triazines and hexachlorbenzene were determined in some samples. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F95B1225+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Analytik Ruestungsaltlasten. T. 2: Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Matrix Abschlussbericht

Drinking water in the Leipzig area seemed to be contaminated by explosives made and handled near the village of Elsnig in the region. The full facts became known only after 1990 and, compared with similar locations in Germany, Elsnig plays an outstanding role due to is large quantities and varieties of explosives with all their byproducts and metabilites (in same samples more than 50 components). This made is necessary to develop and validate additional analytical techniques. Particularly it was necessary to characterized an influence of the Elsnig groundwater matrix on the correctness of analytical results. The studies also focused on the efficiency of an electrochemical detector in analysing real samples. The results can be summarized as follows: Various compounds such as hexyl, hexogen, octogen, tetryl, picric acid, glycerol trinitrate and nitrobenzoic acids cannot or cannot be directly analyzed by gas chromatography. HPLC, in principle, enables all explosives, byproducts and metabolities to be separated and detected. The experimental conditions for this are given. The electrochemical detector is a valuable addition to the UV detector in analysing real samples, but cannot replace it. For the extractive enrichment of all explosives and relevant compounds of water it is necessary to work with 3 different pH-values. A suitable extraction regime was worked out. In solid phase extraction, the Elsnig real-water matrix has a rather strong influence on the recovery rates of a number of substances. In liquid extraction, this influence is considerably smaller. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F96B1523+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Entwicklung eines Analysenverfahrens zur simultanen Bestimmung prioritaerer Schadstoffe gemaess EU-Wasser-Rahmenrichtlinie in Gewaessern und Trinkwasser mittels schneller HPLC/TFC und Atmosphaerendruck-Tandem-Massenspektrometrie Schlussbericht

Available from TIB Hannover: F04B84 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman

Targeted support for high-growth start-ups: some policy issues

Launched in 1999/2000, the new high-growth start-up programme is part of a shift in small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) policy in the United Kingdom away from a narrow focus on supporting established businesses with growth potential, to include start-ups and other types of SME. In this context, the authors consider some of the policy issues surrounding the design, development, and implementation of the new programme, with the aid of results from in-depth research in the East Midlands region. After a brief description of the new enhanced support programme for high-growth start-ups, and the policy context in which it was introduced, the authors review the support needs of this type of business and how the new programme might contribute to addressing these. In the final section they consider some of the wider policy issues raised by the programme in terms of the extent to which: first, effective regional models can be developed to encourage widespread participation by appropriate private sector organisations; second, access to appropriate finance, including seedcorn and venture capital, can be increased for high-growth-potential start-ups; third, universities are able to contribute to the generation of new business activity and become integrated into regional business support infrastructures; and fourth, the enhanced support programme is tuned to the needs of the target group and is effectively delivered