Leafy Spurge

Leafy spurge is an especially difficult noxious weed. Fall control is an essential part of a leafy spurge control program. Retreatment is required for 2,4-D. Fall herbicides are effective where sheep or goats have grazed. Fall is a good time to apply spot treatment herbicides. It is the only time some fencelines and field corners are accessible

Freie Berufe und Mittelstand Festrede zur Verleihung der Ehrendoktorwürde

This FFB-Discussion Paper documents the official speech by Professor J. F. Volrad Deneke to his award ('Doctor honoris causa') on May, 7, 1996 by the Department of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Lüneburg. 'Freie Berufe und Mittelstand' ('Professions and Middle classes') is discussed by three variations. At first, social change ist treated with the industrial revolution, the service society and professions in middle classes. The economic development is the second variation which pinpoints the maximation and globalization of markets and the socialization of partial markets. Finally,public policy aspects of professions in middle classes are discussed.Professions (Freie Berufe), middle classes, social change

Nitrate Toxicity from Weeds

Weeds as well as certain crop plants may accumulate higher level of nitrates. Under drought conditions livestock may graze week plants that normally would be avoided. Frequently, weeds like kochia, pigweed, or lamsquarters may be a significant part of forage harvested where precipitation has limited normal forage production. Some weeds are harvested for emergency forage; i.e., kochia has acceptable feed value if harvested early and properly handled. However, frequently weeds in these situations are considerably too mature, unpalatable, and often difficult to cure properly

Weed Control in CRP

Weed control reduces the risk of failure of need seedings. Controlling weeds in established CRP reduces spread to adjacent fields. Control of noxious weeds is required by South Dakota statute. Anticipate weed problems based on field history. Annuals that produced seed during the last one or two seasons can be expected to be a significant part of the problem. Perennial weeds persist form year to year. Extra control efforts are required to weaken and reduce stands to reduce competition and prevent sprea

Forage Restrictions for Small Grain Herbicides

Small grain crop s are sometimes harvest for livestock forage; either as part of a planned program or as a supplemental or emergency forage source. Several cereal herbicides have restrictions on crop use for forage. Residue data is lacking for some, especially for products used on crops intended for grain harvest. For these herbicides, it appears to be more an issue of lacking data rather than toxicity concern. For other, forage use is not restricted or the interval since application is sufficiently short to allow forage use. Recommendations for any use of treated crops are based on EPA label approval where residue tolerances have been set. For combination treatments, use the most restrictive guideline

Biocontrol of Noxious Weeds in South Dakota

Biocontrol offers another tool for noxious weed control. There are potential economic benefits, as well as advantages where environmental situations or site restrictions limit or preclude other control options. Biocontrol approaches usually require at least 3 to 5 years for significant results. Ultimately, the greatest benefit will be realized if biocontrol is integrated with other control measures

Herbicide Carryover for Tree Planting

Herbicides used in previous years is one of the factors to consider when planting trees in shelterbelts around farmsteads or in other rural areas. Some herbicides have extended residual activity that may damage or kill trees that are transplanted into sites where these products were used

Corn Herbicide Restriction Forage or Grazing Dry Conditions

Dry conditions may change intended crop use plans. The need for forage may be critical. Several herbicides have a minimum interval between application and crop use for forage or grazing. Tolerances are based on data for intervals shown in the table below. An interval of 30 to 40 days is not likely to be a factor limiting the use of corn for silage. For most fields, a 30 to 40 day requirement will be met by late July or early August. Tolerances for forage or grazing must be established before crop use for these purposes can be recommended. Refer to product label for specific precautions regarding livestock removal prior to slaughter or moving to other grazing areas

Biocontrol Insects of Canada Thistle in the Northern Great Plains

This publication provides an easy-to-use identification guide to the primary biological control agents for Canada thistle in South Dakota and the northern plains. Only four of these agents are approved by both state and federal agencies for release in South Dakota. Photographs are provided for the identification of the adult, pupa, and larva of most species. Specialized terminology is limited to that deemed essential for identification and education

Haying and Grazing Herbicide Restrictions for Pasture and CRP

Residue tolerances are established for grazing and harvesting hay. The interval between application and harvest may specify lactating dairy or slaughter. In situations where CRP is approved for haying or grazing, the field may have been spot treated for noxious weeds. If the interval is restrictive for hay harvest, it may be possible to omit those patches from the harvest