Feasibility of Metalworking Fluids Delivered in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (TECHNICAL NOTE SUBMITTED TO JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES)

Abstract This paper presents a new method to lubricate, cool, and evacuate chips in metalworking operations using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO

Quantification of mineral reactivity using machine learning interpretation of micro-XRF data

Accurate characterizations of mineral reactivity require mapping of spatial heterogeneity, and quantifications of mineral abundances, elemental content, and mineral accessibility. Reactive transport models require such information at the grain-scale to accurately simulate coupled processes of mineral reactions, aqueous solution speciation, and mass transport. In this work, millimeter-scale mineral maps are generated using a neural network approach for 2D mineral mapping based on synchrotron micro x-ray fluorescence (μXRF) data. The approach is called Synchrotron-based Machine learning Approach for RasTer (SMART) mapping, which reads μXRF scans and provides mineral maps of the same size and resolution. The SMART mineral classifier is trained on coupled μXRF and micro-x-ray diffraction (μXRD) data, which is what distinguishes it from existing mapping tools. Here, the SMART classifier was applied to μXRF scans of various sedimentary rock samples including consolidated shales from the Eagle Ford (EFS1), Green River (GRS1), Haynesville (HS1), and New Albany (NAS1) formations and a syntaxial vein from the Upper Wolfcamp formation. The data were obtained using an x-ray microprobe at beamline 13-ID-E at the Advanced Photon Sources. Individual mineral maps generated by the SMART classifier well-captured distributions of both dominant and minor phases in the shale rocks and revealed EFS1 and GRS1 to be carbonate rich shales, and NAS1 and HS1 to be sulfide rich shales. The EFS1 was further characterized for its trace mineral abundances, grain sizes, trace element composition, and accessibility. Approximately 4.4 wt% of the rock matrix were found to be pyrite, with a median grain size of 3.17 μm in diameter and 62% of the grains predicted to be smaller than 4 μm. Quantifications of trace elements in pyrite revealed zinc concentrations up to 4.2 wt%, along with minor copper and arsenic copresence. Mineral accessibility was examined by contact with other phases and was quantified using a new type of image we are calling an adjacency map. Adjacency analyses revealed that of the total pyrite surface present in the EFS1, 28% is in contact with calcite. The adjacency maps are useful for quantifying the likelihood that a mineral could be exposed to fluids after dissolution of a contacting reactive phase like calcite. Lastly, pooling data from different samples was demonstrated by training a classifier using two sets of coupled μXRF-μXRD data. This classifier yielded an overall accuracy of \u3e96%, demonstrating that data pooling is a promising approach for applications to a wide suite of rock samples of different origin, size, and thickness

Nachweis und Bestimmung der Halogensauerstoffverbindungen

n/

Digital Technologies in Expanding the Boundaries Through Immersive Spaces: Case Studies in Vessel and Yacht Design

New VR and AR environments have been gradually coming in the world of the pleasure maritime industry implying new possibilities of experiences for costumers. In this perspective, the paper investigates the potential role of digital technology in expanding or shifting the physical boundaries of a cruise vessel or a yacht. Through case studies analysis, the study presents a reflection on the state of the art of virtual, augmented and merged reality environments in the sector, highlighting both the key concept of convergence vs divergence between the physical and digital worlds, and the purposes in technology enhancing. The results point-out how new technologies are breaking down the barriers made up of a simple physical !tting, expanding the boundaries through the use of immersive experiences, even if future scenarios are still open in the cross sectorial purpose of VR, AR and MR technology use