Características do enfermeiro supervisor: construções elaboradas pelos estudantes de 1º ciclo em Enfermagem

Introdução: A supervisão clínica em enfermagem constitui uma realidade no ensino da enfermagem em Portugal. O seu âmago não se restringe à transmissão de conhecimentos práticos. O enfermeiro supervisor deve possuir competências clínicas - técnicas, científicas e relacionais - a par da capacidade de discutir, questionar e fazer reflectir o estudante no desenvolvimento da acção (Ketola, 2009). Em simultâneo, deve possuir competências pessoais facilitadoras de uma relação efectiva com o estudante, como sejam, simpatia, empatia, assertividade, respeito, entre outras. Objectivos: Apreender as representações sociais das características do enfermeiro supervisor clínico, elaboradas por estudantes. Explorar a dimensão estrutural das representações sociais do enfermeiro supervisor clínico, na perspectiva dos estudantes. Identificar o campo das representações sociais de enfermeiro supervisor clínico, na perspectiva dos estudantes. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório, cuja amostra é constituída por 74 estudantes 4º ano, 1º ciclo de Enfermagem. A recolha dos dados foi feita em Fevereiro, através de questionário com questões que visavam a caracterização sócio-demográfica e um estímulo indutor (características do enfermeiro supervisor). Foram cumpridos procedimentos ético-legais, em conformidade com a comissão de ética da Área da Saúde e Bem-Estar da Universidade de Évora. Os dados foram categorizados recorrendo ao Microsoft Office Word e processados nos softwares Evoc e SIMI que forneceram estrutura das representações sociais e força da relação entre elementos. Resultados: A predominância dos respondentes era estudantes do sexo feminino, com idade média de 24,6 anos. As palavras evocadas pelos estudantes foram 359, apurando-se 47 palavras diferentes. As representações sociais de enfermeiro supervisor clínico têm a seguinte estrutura: - o núcleo central, fornece os elementos mais consensuais, é constituído por: acessível, competência, conhecimento, disponível, empatia, experiência, honestidade e imparcialidade; - a segunda periferia, fornece elementos menos consensuais com maior carga individual dos elementos do grupo em estudo, é constituída por: amigo, colaborador, cordial, directo e empenho. A árvore máxima que derivou da análise de similitude comprovou a centralidade dos elementos disponível, conhecimento e empatia. Mostrou, também, que existe uma relação forte entre os elementos disponível e cordial e uma relação moderada entre a maioria dos restantes elementos com centralidade. Conclusão: As representações sociais de enfermeiro supervisor, construídas pelos estudantes, assentam em duas competências básicas: competências de experiência profissional, alimentadas pelo conhecimento, e competências pessoais relacionadas com o carácter do enfermeiro. Assim, os estudantes têm no seu imaginário que o enfermeiro supervisor deve ter experiência e conhecimentos, deve ser acessível, compreensivo, disponível, empático, honesto e imparcial. Pearson (2009) diz que as experiências clínicas são condicionadas pela relação estabelecida entre enfermeiro supervisor e estudante. O enfermeiro supervisor deve ser capaz de questionar a sua prática clínica e estratégias utilizadas no sentido de possibilitar ao estudante compreensão dos ambientes de cuidados (Fernandes, 2007)

Representações sociais de enfermeiro supervisor elaboradas por estudantes de enfermagem

Supervision and learning must be guided and accompanied by expert nurses in the clinical area. The nurse supervisor is required, in addition to clinical skills, ability to discuss, to question and to reflect with the student (Ketola, 2009). Objectives: Identify the social representations (SR) of the clinical nurse supervisor characteristics, built by students. Analyze the relationship between the components of SR nursing clinical supervisor in prospective students. Methodology: Exploratory study, the sample consisted of 74 students of 4th year, 1st cycle of Nursing. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire. We met the ethical and legal procedures. The data were categorized using the Microsoft Office Word and processed in software Evoc and SIMI. Results: There was a predominance of female respondents, with a mean age of 24.6 years. Of the 359 words evoked, 47 is ascertained different. The SR nursing clinical supervisor have the following structure: the more consensual elements - core - were accessible, competence, knowledge, available, empathy, experience, honesty and impartiality. The elements less consensus second-periphery - were: friend, collaborator, friendly, direct and commitment. The similarity analysis to prove the centrality of the elements available, knowledge and empathy and showed that there is a strong relationship between the elements available, friendly and a moderate relationship between the majority of the remaining elements with centrality. Conclusion: The nursing supervisor RS, developed by students, are structured skills of professional experience, supported by knowledge, and skills related to the personal nature of the nurse. Thus, the nurse supervisor, in the minds of students, must have experience and knowledge should be accessible, comprehensive, available, empathetic, honest and impartial. Clinical experiences are conditioned by the relationship between supervisor and student nurses (Cunha et al, 2010; Pearson, 2009)

Strategies for Exploiting Independent Cloud Implementations of Biometric Experts in Multibiometric Scenarios

Cloud computing represents one of the fastest growing areas of technology and offers a new computing model for various applications and services. This model is particularly interesting for the area of biometric recognition, where scalability, processing power, and storage requirements are becoming a bigger and bigger issue with each new generation of recognition technology. Next to the availability of computing resources, another important aspect of cloud computing with respect to biometrics is accessibility. Since biometric cloud services are easily accessible, it is possible to combine different existing implementations and design new multibiometric services that next to almost unlimited resources also offer superior recognition performance and, consequently, ensure improved security to its client applications. Unfortunately, the literature on the best strategies of how to combine existing implementations of cloud-based biometric experts into a multibiometric service is virtually nonexistent. In this paper, we try to close this gap and evaluate different strategies for combining existing biometric experts into a multibiometric cloud service. We analyze the (fusion) strategies from different perspectives such as performance gains, training complexity, or resource consumption and present results and findings important to software developers and other researchers working in the areas of biometrics and cloud computing. The analysis is conducted based on two biometric cloud services, which are also presented in the paper

Complexity of the Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 cellulosome reflects an expansion of family-related protein-protein interactions

This work was supported in part by the European Union, Area NMP.2013.1.1–2: Self-assembly of naturally occurring nanosystems: CellulosomePlus Project number: 604530, and by the EU Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007–2013) under the WallTraC project (Grant Agreement no 263916), and BioStruct-X (grant agreement no 283570). This paper reflects the author’s views only. The European Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein. CMGAF is also supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Lisbon, Portugal) through grants PTDC/BIA-PRO/103980/2008 and EXPL/BIA-MIC/1176/2012. EAB is also funded by a grant (No. 1349/13) from the Israel Science Foundation (ISF), Jerusalem, Israel and by a grant (No. 2013284) from the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF). E.A.B. is the incumbent of The Maynard I. and Elaine Wishner Chair of Bio-organic Chemistry.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Enfermeiro Supervisor: construções elaboradas por estudantes de Enfermagem

e As representações sociais de enfermeiro supervisor, elaboradas pelos estudantes, estão estruturadas nas competências de experiência profissional, sustentadas pelo conhecimento, e nas competências pessoais relacionadas com o carácter do enfermeiro. Deste modo, o enfermeiro supervisor, no imaginário dos estudantes, deve ter experiência e conhecimentos, deve ser acessível, compreensivo, disponível, empático, honesto e imparcial. As experiências clínicas são condicionadas pela relação estabelecida entre enfermeiro supervisor e estudante

ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM E O ENFERMEIRO SUPERVISOR

Introdução: No contexto da formação inicial, as experiências clínicas revestem-se de grande importância. As experiências clínicas não se restringem a momentos de aquisição de competências, contribuem também para a modelação do conceito de enfermagem enquanto profissão e enquanto ciência. Não obstante a sua importância, são condicionadas pela relação que se estabelece entre enfermeiro supervisor e estudante. Espera-se que o enfermeiro supervisor tenha competências clínicas, mas também competências pessoais, facilitadoras de uma relação efetiva com o estudante (Ketola, 2009). Objetivos: Conhecer as representações sociais dos estudantes sobre os enfermeiros supervisores. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório, a amostra é constituído por 74 estudantes do 4º ano, 1º ciclo de Enfermagem. A recolha dos dados foi realizada através de questionário, com questões para caraterização sociodemográfica e a questão aberta: “O enfermeiro supervisor ideal deve ser:”. Foram cumpridos os procedimentos ético-legais, em conformidade com a comissão de ética da Área da Saúde e Bem-Estar da Universidade de Évora. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o software ALCESTE (Análise Lexical Contextual de um Conjunto de Segmentos de Texto). Resultados: Verificou-se predomínio de respondentes do sexo feminino, com idade média de 24,6 anos. Obtivemos uma percentagem bastante significativa de análise lexical do corpus (89%), da qual resultaram quatro classes. Obtevese uma árvore de classificação descendente com dois ramos: um deles com uma classe, classe 3 (27%), outro com a classe 4 (42%) e um sub-ramo que se sub-divide nas classes 2 (16%) e 1 (15%). Tendo por base os valores de Qui2 evidenciam-se os vocábulos: pessoa, aprendizagem, processo, relação, transmitir e responsável. Conclusões: Os estudantes centram as suas respostas nas caraterísticas do enfermeiro supervisor tais como interesse, colaboração, ser prestável, disponível e exigente. Consideram igualmente importantes as características pessoais do enfermeiro supervisor: ter paciência, e ser honesto, simpático, compreensivo, imparcial e disponível (Martins, 2009). Os resultados apontam ainda para a relação que se estabelece entre o enfermeiro supervisor e o aluno a qual deve ser de confiança (Pearson,2009), favorecedora de uma boa integração e para o enfermeiro supervisor enquanto pessoa que contribui para o processo aprendizagem, no sentido de partilhar, estimular e transmitir valores (Fernandes, 2007)

A dual cohesin-dockerin complex binding mode in Bacteroides cellulosolvens contributes to the size and complexity of its cellulosome

The Cellulosome is an intricate macromolecular protein complex that centralizes the cellulolytic efforts of many anaerobic microorganisms through the promotion of enzyme synergy and protein stability. The assembly of numerous carbohydrate processing enzymes into a macromolecular multiprotein structure results from the interaction of enzyme-borne dockerin modules with repeated cohesin modules present in noncatalytic scaffold proteins, termed scaffoldins. Cohesin- dockerin (Coh-Doc) modules are typically classified into different types, depending on structural conformation and cellulosome role. Thus, type I Coh-Doc complexes are usually responsible for enzyme integration into the cellulosome, while type II Coh-Doc complexes tether the cellulosome to the bacterial wall. In contrast to other known cellulosomes, cohesin types from Bacteroides cellulosolvens, a cellulosome-producing bacterium capable of utilizing cellulose and cellobiose as carbon sources, are reversed for all scaffoldins, i.e., the type II cohesins are located on the enzyme-integrating primary scaffoldin, whereas the type I cohesins are located on the anchoring scaffoldins. It has been previously shown that type I B. cellulosolvens interactions possess a dual-binding mode that adds flexibility to scaffoldin assembly. Herein, we report the structural mechanism of enzyme recruitment into B. cellulosolvens cellulosome and the identification of the molecular determinants of its type II cohesin-dockerin interactions. The results indicate that, unlike other type II complexes, these possess a dual-binding mode of interaction, akin to type I complexes. Therefore, the plasticity of dualbinding mode interactions seems to play a pivotal role in the assembly of B. cellulosolvens cellulosome, which is consistent with its unmatched complexity and size.publishersversionpublishe

Parametric Response Mapping as an Indicator of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

AbstractThe management of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after hematopoietic cell transplantation presents many challenges, both diagnostically and therapeutically. We developed a computed tomography (CT) voxel-wise methodology termed parametric response mapping (PRM) that quantifies normal parenchyma, functional small airway disease (PRMfSAD), emphysema, and parenchymal disease as relative lung volumes. We now investigate the use of PRM as an imaging biomarker in the diagnosis of BOS. PRM was applied to CT data from 4 patient cohorts: acute infection (n = 11), BOS at onset (n = 34), BOS plus infection (n = 9), and age-matched, nontransplant control subjects (n = 23). Pulmonary function tests and bronchoalveolar lavage were used for group classification. Mean values for PRMfSAD were significantly greater in patients with BOS (38% ± 2%) when compared with those with infection alone (17% ± 4%, P < .0001) and age-matched control subjects (8.4% ± 1%, P < .0001). Patients with BOS had similar PRMfSAD profiles, whether a concurrent infection was present or not. An optimal cut-point for PRMfSAD of 28% of the total lung volume was identified, with values >28% highly indicative of BOS occurrence. PRM may provide a major advance in our ability to identify the small airway obstruction that characterizes BOS, even in the presence of concurrent infection

Radiofrequency-based treatment in therapy-related clinical practice – a narrative review. Part I : acute conditions

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in Physical Therapy Reviews on 24 June 2015, available online at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/1743288X15Y.0000000016Background: Radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RFEMF or simply RF)-based electrophysical agents (EPAs) have been employed in therapy-related clinical practice for several decades. They are used to reduce pain and inflammation and enhance tissue healing. Although these agents have generally become less popular in contemporary therapy practice, surveys have shown that some of these modalities are still reasonably widely used. Objective: To review the evidence for the use of non-invasive low frequency RFs (30 kHz–30 MHz) in therapy-related clinical practice. Major findings: All peer reviewed therapy-related clinical studies published in English and concerning low frequency RF were sought. Identified literature was divided into acute and chronic segments based on their clinical area and analysed to assess the volume and scope of current evidence. The studies on acute conditions were reviewed in detail for this paper. One hundred twenty clinical studies were identified, of which 30 related to acute conditions. The majority of studies employed Pulsed Shortwave Therapy (PSWT). Twenty-two studies out of 30 were related to conditions of pain and inflammation, seven to tissue healing and one to acute pneumothorax. No studies were identified on frequencies other than shortwave. Conclusions: Evidence for and against RF-based therapy is available. There is reasonable evidence in support of PSWT to alleviate postoperative pain and promote postoperative wound healing. Evidence for other acute conditions is sparse and conflicting. A general lack of research emphasis in the non-shortwave RF band is evident, with studies on acute conditions almost non-existent. Further and wider research in this area is warranted.Peer reviewe