Continuous Spinal Anaesthesia- A need for a re-emergence?

Continuous spinal anaesthesia is the technique of producing and maintaining spinal anaesthesia with small doses of local anaesthetic injected intermittently into the subarachnoid space through a catheter. As the injection is intermittently given than continuous, intermittent or fractionated spinal anaesthesia is a more appropriate word than the routinely used continuous spinal anaesthesia. The history starts from 1906 when it was administered first by Dean. There are numerous surgical and obstetric indications for the use of the same apart from chronic pain. The equipment and technique are cumbersome in many instances. The detailed advantages outweigh complications. Still there is a thought block among anaesthesiologists regarding its use. With the resurgence of regional anaesthesia worldwide, the technique may have a re-emergence to be more commonly used in the coming years

Biochemical changes in cotton plants due to infestation by cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

The study on biochemical changes in cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum L.) due to infestation by cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) was conducted at CICR Nagpur during 2014-15. Total protein contents estimated from the shoots of the healthy plants (4.29 mg/g) indicated 50.5% increase over the healthy plants (2.85 mg/g). Total phenol content increased by 185.7% in the mealybug infested plants (0.20?g/g) over the healthy plants (0.07?g/g). Insignificant difference in the level of total soluble sugar was observed in mealybug infested plants (1.00?g/g) as compared to healthy plants (0.90?g/g). Total reducing sugar was found to be unaffected with the mealybug infestation. Although there was depletion in all the photosynthetic pigments viz., chlorophyll a (19.1%), chlorophyll b (23.7%), total chlorophyll (21.2%) and carotenoids (20.8%) due to the mealybug infestation, these values were not statistically different in the healthy plants. This is the first report on biochemical changes in cotton plant due to infestation of P. solenopsis