Key criteria of sustainable hospital refurbishment

The primary function within a hospital is administering care to patients. Physicians and nurses are the main caregivers within hospitals and since the establishment of the modern hospital institution. They are the main stakeholders in healthcare. Many studies have been done on the aspects of sustainable environment in hospitals and evidence-based design and this study will, according to the research set. We expounded on what constitutes a sustainable hospital refurbishment from stakeholders. Outline environmental strategies that can be employed to support hospital structural environments. We developed selected sets of design guidelines that can be employed in hospital design and planning to support sustainable and refurbished environments. This research is of significance to the domain of hospital planners and designers as it extends the knowledge base that currently exists in environmental strategies for hospital design and with special emphasis to warm and humid climate by the analyses of stakeholders as discussed in this study

Innovation-ecofriendly employment of waste paper for producing lightweight aggregate for concrete

Lightweight concrete mentions to any concrete produced to an oven-dry density less than 2000 kg/m3. This can reached by replacement of natural aggregates with lightweight aggregate, no fine aggregate and or adding foamed agent to the concrete. This research usage of recycled paper as an aggregate replacement in producing a lightweight concrete for construction purpose. It was used two type of production of paper aggregate (The paper aggregate treatment with cement and paper aggregate treatment with wood glue) and then replacement with natural aggregate. The results shown increasing of replacement natural aggregate (gravel) with paper aggregate will leads to decreasing in density of concrete. The paper aggregate treatment with cement give a significant compressive strength than the concrete made with paper aggregate treatment with wood glue. Paper aggregate treatment with wood glue give a significant reduction in density than the concrete made with the paper aggregate treatment with cement. The large decreasing in splitting strength due to presence of paper when the replacement is 100% from the natural aggregate (gravel). However, the percentage of replacement 50% of paper aggregate given better splitting strength than the replacement of 100%

Mechanical Behavior of Modified Reactive Powder Concrete with Waste Materials Powder Replacement

Across the world, a huge amount of waste materials is deposited from different industrial or construction activities. Out of this massive waste quantity, a petite is recycled and remaining is dumped in vulnerable lands. This paper deals with the potential utilization of solid waste in reactive powder concrete, practically powdered glass originating from waste glass bottles and powdered ceramics tile from waste of construction process. First, the optimum ratio of waste pozzolanic material (ceramics to glass ratio) was obtained by pozzolinic activity test. Then, the optimal waste pozzolanic material was incorporated in reactive powder concrete at several substitution levels. The waste pozzolanic material in 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % were added in the reactive powder concrete mixes as fractional supplement of silica fume. Strength and water absorption of the modified reactive powder concrete were evaluated. A significant enhancement was observed in mechanical behavior of modified reactive powder concrete containing 15 % waste pozzolanic material. Results directed irrelevant raise in water absorption as increasing the waste replacement material. &nbsp