Cloning and sequencing of the human nucleolin cDNA

AbstractA cDNA containing the entire coding region for human nucleolin has been isolated from a λ gt10 human retinal library using a bovine cDNA probe. The cDNA hybridized to a transcript of 3000 bases from fast-dividing cells, as well as terminally differentiated tissues of several species. Translation of the nucleotide sequence revealed a long open reading frame which predicts a 707 amino acid protein with several distinct domains. These include repeating elements, four conserved RNA-binding regions, a glycine-rich carboxy-terminal domain and sites for phosphorylation, glycosylation and dibasic cleavage. Human and bovine nucleolin exhibited more additions and/or substitutions of aspartate, glutamate and serine residues in the chromatin-binding domains by comparison with the hamster and mouse nucleolins. These differences may be related to species-specific functions in transcription

Research Handbook on Sovereign Wealth Funds and International Investment Law

Research on the role of sovereign investments in a time of crisis is still unsatisfactory. This Research Handbook illustrates the state of the art of the legal investigation on sovereign investments, filling necessary gaps in previous research. Current focus is based on investment flows and trends, grounded in economic scenarios and objectives. Conversely, investigations from a legal standpoint are still few, namely disregarding the host states’ concerns about sovereign investments goals and tools. Hence, most of the many relevant drivers that affect current sovereign investments, be they FDI or portfolio investments, remain unexplained. This book investigates the juridical foundation of sovereign investments and extends our frontier of understanding

A Random Shock Is Not Random Assignment

A random shock excludes reverse causality and reduces omitted variable bias. Yet a natural experiment does not identify random exposure to treatment, but the reaction to a random change from baseline to treatment. A lab experiment comparing higher certainty with higher severity of punishment for stealing (holding the expected value of the intervention constant) shows that the difference between the effects of a random shock and random assignment can be pronounced