Real-Word Effectiveness and Safety of Dimethyl Fumarate in a Multiple Sclerosis Portuguese Population

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate postmarketing dimethyl fumarate (DMF) safety and effectiveness in a real-world population with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study with RRMS patients treated with DMF. Demographic, clinical, and imagiological characteristics were analyzed, including annualized relapse rate (ARR), Expanded Disability Status Scale, "No Evidence of Disease Activity 3," previous treatment, adverse events, treatment duration, and reason for discontinuation. We investigated which baseline variables were associated with clinical and radiological outcomes. Results: We included 176 patients (70.4% females) with a median on-treatment follow-up time of 25.5 months. In total, 139 patients received prior disease-modifying therapies, and 37 were treatment-naive. Annualized relapse rate decreased by 77.1% in the total population (P < 0.001) and also decreased in the naive, tolerability switch, and efficacy switch groups by 95.8%, 56.7%, and 76.6% (P < 0.001). No Evidence of Disease Activity 3 status after 12 months of DMF treatment was maintained in 69.2% patients. Thirty patients (17%) discontinued treatment because of adverse drug reactions, and 21 (11.9%) because of lack of effectiveness. The occurrence of first relapse during follow-up was associated with higher ARR in the year before DMF start (hazard ratio, 4.833; P < 0.001) and prior exposure to multiple sclerosis treatments (tolerability and efficacy switchers). Conclusions: In this real-world audit, DMF appeared to be effective and safe for RRMS. Additionally, the study suggested that naive patients strongly benefit from DMF, and DMF also improves ARR in patients who switched from injectable therapies due to tolerability and efficacy issues.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nutrição mineral de bovinos de corte do Pantanal Mato-Grossense: 2. Micronutrientes na Nhecolandia (Parte Central).

Realatam-se resultados de analise de solos, agua, e gramineas nativas, coletadas em 1979, maio/80 e ago/80, e de figado de bovinos, nessas epocas e em fev/80, na sub-regiao de Nhecolandia, do Pantanal Mato-Grossense. Solos e gramineas foram coletados em cino unidades de paisagem : mata, cerrado, caronal, campo limpo e lagoa. Os resultados sugerem a possibilidade de ocorrencia de toxidez de ferro e manganes, durante /apos o periodo de inundacao, e de deficiencias de cobre e zinco, em determinadas epocas, na sub-regiao abrangida

Nutrição mineral de bovinos de corte no Pantanal Mato-Grossense. VI. Levantamento de micronutrientes na sub-região de Aquidauana.

Foram analisados Fe, Mn, Cu e Zn em amostras de solo, plantas forrageiras e figado de vacas nelaradas em lactação, coletadas em novembro de 1982, maio e agosto de 1983. Solos e plantas foram coletadas em cinco unidades de pastagens

Nutrição mineral de bovinos de corte no Pantanal Mato-Grossense. V. Levantamento de macronutrientes na sub-região de Aquidauana.

Foram analizadas amostras de solo, plantas forrageiras e tecido animal de vacas de lactação, coletadas em novembro de 1982 e maio e agosto de 1983

Ca2+ Sparks and Embers of Mammalian Muscle. Properties of the Sources

Ca2+ sparks of membrane-permeabilized rat muscle cells were analyzed to derive properties of their sources. Most events identified in longitudinal confocal line scans looked like sparks, but 23% (1,000 out of 4,300) were followed by long-lasting embers. Some were preceded by embers, and 48 were “lone embers.” Average spatial width was ∼2 μm in the rat and 1.5 μm in frog events in analogous solutions. Amplitudes were 33% smaller and rise times 50% greater in the rat. Differences were highly significant. The greater spatial width was not a consequence of greater open time of the rat source, and was greatest at the shortest rise times, suggesting a wider Ca2+ source. In the rat, but not the frog, spark width was greater in scans transversal to the fiber axis. These features suggested that rat spark sources were elongated transversally. Ca2+ release was calculated in averages of sparks with long embers. Release current during the averaged ember started at 3 or 7 pA (depending on assumptions), whereas in lone embers it was 0.7 or 1.3 pA, which suggests that embers that trail sparks start with five open channels. Analysis of a spark with leading ember yielded a current ratio ranging from 37 to 160 in spark and ember, as if 37–160 channels opened in the spark. In simulations, 25–60 pA of Ca2+ current exiting a point source was required to reproduce frog sparks. 130 pA, exiting a cylindric source of 3 μm, qualitatively reproduced rat sparks. In conclusion, sparks of rat muscle require a greater current than frog sparks, exiting a source elongated transversally to the fiber axis, constituted by 35–260 channels. Not infrequently, a few of those remain open and produce the trailing ember

Deficiência de cálcio em bovinos no Pantanal - Brasil.

Levantamentos sistemáticos de teores de minerais em solos, forrageiras, tecidos de bovinos, com o objetivo de obter dados para a formulação de suplementos minerais específicos para o Pantanal. Os levantamentos consistiram de amostragens realizadas em quatro épocas do ano

Uso da metodologia de coleta total de excretas na determinação da energia metabolizável em rações para frangos de corte ajustadas ou não quanto aos níveis de vitaminas e minerais.

Avaliou-se neste estudo a influência dos teores de vitaminas e microminerais da ração-teste na determinação dos valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA) e energia metabolizável aparente corrigida pelo nitrogênio retido (EMAn) do farelo de soja. Foram comparadas rações-teste ajustadas ou não para as quantidades de cloreto de colina e premix de vitaminas e microminerais em relação à ração-referência. Adotou-se o método tradicional de coleta total de excretas utilizando-se 360 pintos de corte machos e fêmeas da linhagem Ross de 15 a 23 dias de idade, alojados em baterias metálicas com bandejas coletoras de excretas. As aves foram distribuídas em esquema de blocos casualizados, de acordo com o andar das baterias, com dois tratamentos e 12 repetições de dez aves (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas). Em um tratamento, efetuou-se a substituição de 40% da ração-referência por farelo de soja, enquanto no outro, além dessa substituição, ajustaram-se as quantidades de cloreto de colina e dos premixes de vitaminas e microminerais com base na ração-referência. Os valores médios e os respectivos erros-padrão para EMA e EMAn (kcal/kg) do farelo de soja, com base na matéria natural, foram 2.462%29,62 e 2.269"'25,80 para ração ajustada e 2.353"'26,18 e 2.191"'23,88 para ração não ajustada. O ajuste das quantidades de cloreto de colina e do premix de vitaminas e microminerais na ração-teste propiciou maiores valores de EMA e EMAn do farelo de soja em relação à ração não-ajustada. É importante ajustar as quantidades de vitaminas e microminerais nas rações-teste em experimentos visando determinar a energia metabolizável de ingredientes para aves