2,988 research outputs found
HIV and respiratory illness in the antiretroviral therapy era
Respiratory illness is a common manifestation of HIV infection. The availability of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has changed the pattern of respiratory ill-health experienced by people living with HIV (PLWH). Among populations with good access to ART, opportunistic respiratory infections such as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) are becoming less frequent. However, there is evidence to suggest that these populations may be at greater risk of serious non-AIDS illness including chronic respiratory disease. Although there is remaining uncertainty about the extent to which HIV represents an independent risk-factor for respiratory illness in individuals with a suppressed HIV viral load and immune reconstitution, in many settings PLWH have greater exposure to risk factors for respiratory illness (in particular tobacco smoking), which contribute to this burden of disease. As HIV-positive populations age, management of these conditions will therefore become increasingly important. Healthcare services need to manage this growing burden of chronic respiratory illness and provide access to preventative measures including smoking cessation and immunisation against vaccine-preventable respiratory infections in a way that is appropriate to the populations served
The Invisible Thin Red Line
The aim of this paper is to argue that the adoption of an unrestricted principle of bivalence is compatible with a metaphysics that (i) denies that the future is real, (ii) adopts nomological indeterminism, and (iii) exploits a branching structure to provide a semantics for future contingent claims. To this end, we elaborate what we call Flow Fragmentalism, a view inspired by Kit Fine (2005)âs non-standard tense realism, according to which reality is divided up into maximally coherent collections of tensed facts. In this way, we show how to reconcile a genuinely A-theoretic branching-time model with the idea that there is a branch corresponding to the thin red line, that is, the branch that will turn out to be the actual future history of the world
Clostridium difficile in a farrowing pen
Clostridium difficile is an important cause of enteric disease in humans. In pigs Clostridium difficile can cause neonatal enteritis and can be isolated from faeces from diseased and healthy animals. According to recent research, isolates from humans and animals show genetic and phenotypic overlap. In The Netherlands, strains isolated from diseased piglets were indistinguishable from strains isolated from Dutch patients. These strains belonged to ribotype 078. Because pigs can either be clinical hosts and/or may be a possible reservoir more understanding of the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile among pigs is needed. The objectives of this study were to specify whether, how and when newborn piglets get infected by Clostridium difficile for the first time. With this intention, six sows, their farrowing crates and litters (71 piglets) at one farm were sampled around the day of birth of the piglets. Within 48 hours after birth, all sampled 71 piglets at the farm became positive for Clostridium difficile ribotype 078. Moreover, all sows became positive within 113 hours after birth of the piglets and the farrowing crates were intermittently positive during the sampling period. This research shows that the sow, the farrowing crate, the air and the teats of the sow are possible transmission routes of Clostridium difficile ribotype 078.This information might help to advise farmers on taking measures against Clostridium difficile infections in neonatal piglets
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Blue and Red Cathodoluminescent Emission of Y2O3:Eu Phosphor Studied as a Function of Temperature in a Transmission Electron Microscope
Combined EELS, CL and STEM imaging are used to characterize and study Y2O3:Eu to confirm the variation in CL properties and photo-luminescent properties observed. The synthetic procedures used have facilitated this material to manifest a strong blue emission at low temperature with the expected red emission dominating at room temperature
Aerial dissemination of Clostridium difficile spores inside and outside a pig farm
In both human and veterinary medicine Clostridium difficile infections are increasingly reported. The observation that aerial dissemination occurs in a hospital environment and can pla a role in the transmission of human C. difficile infection, resulted in the present study to the occurence of airborne C. difficile in, and nearby a pig farm with a high prevalence of C. difficile
On the existence of a compact generator on the derived category of a noetherian formal scheme
In this paper, we prove that for a noetherian formal scheme X, its derived
category of sheaves of modules with quasi-coherent torsion homologies D_qct(X)
is generated by a single compact object. In an appendix we prove that the
category of compact objects in D_qct(X) is skeletally small.Comment: 13 page
Singular projective varieties and quantization
By the quantization condition compact quantizable Kaehler manifolds can be
embedded into projective space. In this way they become projective varieties.
The quantum Hilbert space of the Berezin-Toeplitz quantization (and of the
geometric quantization) is the projective coordinate ring of the embedded
manifold. This allows for generalization to the case of singular varieties. The
set-up is explained in the first part of the contribution. The second part of
the contribution is of tutorial nature. Necessary notions, concepts, and
results of algebraic geometry appearing in this approach to quantization are
explained. In particular, the notions of projective varieties, embeddings,
singularities, and quotients appearing in geometric invariant theory are
recalled.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figure
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