Chirality Dependence of the KK-Momentum Dark Excitons in Carbon Nanotubes

Using a collection of twelve semiconducting carbon nanotube samples, each highly enriched in a single chirality, we study the chirality dependence of the $K$-momentum dark singlet exciton using phonon sideband optical spectroscopy. Measurements of bright absorptive and emissive sidebands of this finite momentum exciton identify its energy as 20 - 38 meV above the bright singlet exciton, a separation that exhibits systematic dependencies on tube diameter, $2n+m$ family, and semiconducting type. We present calculations that explain how chiral angle dependence in this energy separation relates to the Coulomb exchange interaction, and elaborate the dominance of the $K_{A_1'}$ phonon sidebands over the zone-center phonon sidebands over a wide range of chiralities. The Kataura plot arising from these data is qualitatively well described by theory, but the energy separation between the sidebands shows a larger chiral dependence than predicted. This latter observation may indicate a larger dispersion for the associated phonon near the $K$ point than expected from finite distance force modeling.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, 1 table; slight title change, Figures 1 and 11 added, reference added, presentation improved throughout documen

Dynamics of Multistage Gear Transmission with Effects of Gearbox Vibrations

A comprehensive approach is presented in analyzing the dynamic behavior of multistage gear transmission systems with the effects of gearbox induced vibrations and mass imbalances of the rotor. The modal method, with undamped frequencies and planar mode shapes, is used to reduce the degrees of freedom of the gear system for time-transient dynamic analysis. Both the lateral and torsional vibration modes of each rotor-bearing-gear stage as well as the interstage vibrational characteristics are coupled together through localized gear mesh tooth interactions. In addition, gearbox vibrations are also coupled to the rotor-bearing-gear system dynamics through bearing support forces between the rotor and the gearbox. Transient and steady state dynamics of lateral and torsional vibrations of the geared system are examined in both time and frequency domains to develop interpretations of the overall modal dynamic characteristics under various operating conditions. A typical three-stage geared system is used as an example. Effects of mass imbalance and gearbox vibrations on the system dynamic behavior are presented in terms of modal excitation functions for both lateral and torsional vibrations. Operational characteristics and conclusions are drawn from the results presented

Observation of an in-plane magnetic-field-driven phase transition in a quantum Hall system with SU(4) symmetry

In condensed matter physics, the study of electronic states with SU(N) symmetry has attracted considerable and growing attention in recent years, as systems with such a symmetry can often have a spontaneous symmetry-breaking effect giving rise to a novel ground state. For example, pseudospin quantum Hall ferromagnet of broken SU(2) symmetry has been realized by bringing two Landau levels close to degeneracy in a bilayer quantum Hall system. In the past several years, the exploration of collective states in other multi-component quantum Hall systems has emerged. Here we show the conventional pseudospin quantum Hall ferromagnetic states with broken SU(2) symmetry collapsed rapidly into an unexpected state with broken SU(4) symmetry, by in-plane magnetic field in a two-subband GaAs/AlGaAs two-dimensional electron system at filling factor around $\nu=4$. Within a narrow tilting range angle of 0.5 degrees, the activation energy increases as much as 12 K. While the origin of this puzzling observation remains to be exploited, we discuss the possibility of a long-sought pairing state of electrons with a four-fold degeneracy.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Modal analysis of multistage gear systems coupled with gearbox vibrations

An analytical procedure to simulate vibrations in gear transmission systems is presented. This procedure couples the dynamics of the rotor-bearing gear system with the vibration in the gear box structure. The model synthesis method is used in solving the overall dynamics of the system, and a variable time-stepping integration scheme is used in evaluating the global transient vibration of the system. Locally each gear stage is modeled as a multimass rotor-bearing system using a discrete model. The modal characteristics are calculated using the matrix-transfer technique. The gearbox structure is represented by a finite element models, and modal parameters are solved by using NASTRAN. The rotor-gear stages are coupled through nonlinear compliance in the gear mesh while the gearbox structure is coupled through the bearing supports of the rotor system. Transient and steady state vibrations of the coupled system are examined in both time and frequency domains. A typical three-geared system is used as an example for demonstration of the developed procedure

Molecular Motor of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube Driven by Temperature Variation

An elegant formula for coordinates of carbon atoms in a unit cell of a single-walled nanotube (SWNT) is presented and a new molecular motor of double-walled carbon nanotube whose inner tube is a long (8,4) SWNT and outer tube a short (14,8) SWNT is constructed. The interaction between inner an outer tubes is analytically derived by summing the Lennard-Jones potentials between atoms in inner and outer tubes. It is proved that the molecular motor in a thermal bath exhibits a directional motion with the temperature variation of the bath.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, revtex

Description of 178^{178}Hfm2^{m2} in the constrained relativistic mean field theory

The properties of the ground state of $^{178}$Hf and the isomeric state $^{178}$Hf$^{m2}$ are studied within the adiabatic and diabatic constrained relativistic mean field (RMF) approaches. The RMF calculations reproduce well the binding energy and the deformation for the ground state of $^{178}$Hf. Using the ground state single-particle eigenvalues obtained in the present calculation, the lowest excitation configuration with $K^\pi=16^+$ is found to be $\nu(7/2^-[514])^{-1}(9/2^+[624])^{1}$ $\pi(7/2^+[404])^{-1}(9/2^-[514])^{1}$. Its excitation energy calculated by the RMF theory with time-odd fields taken into account is equal to 2.801 MeV, i.e., close to the $^{178}$Hf$^{m2}$ experimental excitation energy 2.446 MeV. The self-consistent procedure accounting for the time-odd component of the meson fields is the most important aspect of the present calculation.Comment: 12 pages(preprint), 2 figures, 1 tabl

Front Stability in Mean Field Models of Diffusion Limited Growth

We present calculations of the stability of planar fronts in two mean field models of diffusion limited growth. The steady state solution for the front can exist for a continuous family of velocities, we show that the selected velocity is given by marginal stability theory. We find that naive mean field theory has no instability to transverse perturbations, while a threshold mean field theory has such a Mullins-Sekerka instability. These results place on firm theoretical ground the observed lack of the dendritic morphology in naive mean field theory and its presence in threshold models. The existence of a Mullins-Sekerka instability is related to the behavior of the mean field theories in the zero-undercooling limit.Comment: 26 pp. revtex, 7 uuencoded ps figures. submitted to PR

2D and 3D cubic monocrystalline and polycrystalline materials: their stability and mechanical properties

We consider 2- and 3-dimensional cubic monocrystalline and polycrystalline materials. Expressions for Young's and shear moduli and Poisson's ratio are expressed in terms of eigenvalues of the stiffness tensor. Such a form is well suited for studying properties of these mechanical characteristics on sides of the stability triangles. For crystalline high-symmetry directions lines of vanishing Poisson's ratio are found. These lines demarcate regions of the stability triangle into areas of various auxeticity properties. The simplest model of polycrystalline 2D and 3D cubic materials is considered. In polycrystalline phases the region of complete auxetics is larger than for monocrystalline materials.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, in proceedings of the Tenth International School on Theoretical Physics, Symmetry and Structural Properties of Condensed Matter, Myczkowce 200