24,549 research outputs found
Theoretical correction to the neutral meson asymmetry
Certain types of asymmetries in neutral meson physics have not been treated
properly, ignoring the difference of normalization factors with an assumption
of the equality of total decay width. Since the corrected asymmetries in
meson are different from known asymmetries by a shift in the first order of CP-
and CPT-violation parameters, experimental data should be analyzed with the
consideration of this effect as in meson physics.Comment: 7 page
Long Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitors: Boundary Conditions and Binary Models
The observed association of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts (LGRBs) with peculiar Type
Ic supernovae gives support to Woosley`s collapsar/hypernova model, in which
the GRB is produced by the collapse of the rapidly rotating core of a massive
star to a black hole. The association of LGRBs with small star-forming galaxies
suggests low-metallicity to be a condition for a massive star to evolve to the
collapsar stage. Both completely-mixed single star models and binary star
models are possible. In binary models the progenitor of the GRB is a massive
helium star with a close companion. We find that tidal synchronization during
core-helium burning is reached on a short timescale (less than a few
millennia). However, the strong core-envelope coupling in the subsequent
evolutionary stages is likely to rule out helium stars with main-sequence
companions as progenitors of hypernovae/GRBs. On the other hand, helium stars
in close binaries with a neutron-star or black-hole companion can, despite the
strong core-envelope coupling in the post-helium burning phase, retain
sufficient core angular momentum to produce a hypernova/GRB.Comment: 8 pp., 2 figs, Proceedings of 5th Stromlo Symposiu
(2,2)-Formalism of General Relativity: An Exact Solution
I discuss the (2,2)-formalism of general relativity based on the
(2,2)-fibration of a generic 4-dimensional spacetime of the Lorentzian
signature. In this formalism general relativity is describable as a Yang-Mills
gauge theory defined on the (1+1)-dimensional base manifold, whose local gauge
symmetry is the group of the diffeomorphisms of the 2-dimensional fibre
manifold. After presenting the Einstein's field equations in this formalism, I
solve them for spherically symmetric case to obtain the Schwarzschild solution.
Then I discuss possible applications of this formalism.Comment: 2 figures included, IOP style file neede
N_pN_n dependence of empirical formula for the lowest excitation energy of the 2^+ states in even-even nuclei
We examine the effects of the additional term of the type on the recently proposed empirical formula for the lowest excitation
energy of the states in even-even nuclei. This study is motivated by the
fact that this term carries the favorable dependence of the valence nucleon
numbers dictated by the scheme. We show explicitly that there is not
any improvement in reproducing by including the extra
term. However, our study also reveals that the excitation energies
, when calculated by the term alone (with the mass number
dependent term), are quite comparable to those calculated by the original
empirical formula.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Dynamic model for failures in biological systems
A dynamic model for failures in biological organisms is proposed and studied
both analytically and numerically. Each cell in the organism becomes dead under
sufficiently strong stress, and is then allowed to be healed with some
probability. It is found that unlike the case of no healing, the organism in
general does not completely break down even in the presence of noise. Revealed
is the characteristic time evolution that the system tends to resist the stress
longer than the system without healing, followed by sudden breakdown with some
fraction of cells surviving. When the noise is weak, the critical stress beyond
which the system breaks down increases rapidly as the healing parameter is
raised from zero, indicative of the importance of healing in biological
systems.Comment: To appear in Europhys. Let
Study of Resistive Micromegas in a Mixed Neutron and Photon Radiation Field
The Muon ATLAS Micromegas Activity (MAMMA) focuses on the development and
testing of large-area muon detectors based on the bulk-Micromegas technology.
These detectors are candidates for the upgrade of the ATLAS Muon System in view
of the luminosity upgrade of Large Hadron Collider at CERN (sLHC). They will
combine trigger and precision measurement capability in a single device. A
novel protection scheme using resistive strips above the readout electrode has
been developed. The response and sparking properties of resistive Micromegas
detectors were successfully tested in a mixed (neutron and gamma) high
radiation field supplied by the Tandem accelerator, at the N.C.S.R. Demokritos
in Athens. Monte-Carlo studies have been employed to study the effect of 5.5
MeV neutrons impinging on Micromegas detectors. The response of the Micromegas
detectors on the photons originating from the inevitable neutron inelastic
scattering on the surrounding materials of the experimental facility was also
studied
Saturation, labile pools, distribution coefficients for soil phosphorus on Sanborn Field and other Missouri soils
June 1989"Publication authorized December 28, 1988"Includes bibliographical references (pages 4-5)
Giant Flexoelectric Effect in Ferroelectric Epitaxial Thin Films
We report on nanoscale strain gradients in ferroelectric HoMnO3 epitaxial
thin films, resulting in a giant flexoelectric effect. Using grazing-incidence
in-plane X-ray diffraction, we measured strain gradients in the films, which
were 6 or 7 orders of magnitude larger than typical values reported for bulk
oxides. The combination of transmission electron microscopy, electrical
measurements, and electrostatic calculations showed that flexoelectricity
provides a means of tuning the physical properties of ferroelectric epitaxial
thin films, such as domain configurations and hysteresis curves.Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Let
New Hamiltonian formalism and quasi-local conservation equations of general relativity
I describe the Einstein's gravitation of 3+1 dimensional spacetimes using the
(2,2) formalism without assuming isometries. In this formalism, quasi-local
energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum are identified from the four
Einstein's equations of the divergence-type, and are expressed geometrically in
terms of the area of a two-surface and a pair of null vector fields on that
surface. The associated quasi-local balance equations are spelled out, and the
corresponding fluxes are found to assume the canonical form of energy-momentum
flux as in standard field theories. The remaining non-divergence-type
Einstein's equations turn out to be the Hamilton's equations of motion, which
are derivable from the {\it non-vanishing} Hamiltonian by the variational
principle. The Hamilton's equations are the evolution equations along the
out-going null geodesic whose {\it affine} parameter serves as the time
function. In the asymptotic region of asymptotically flat spacetimes, it is
shown that the quasi-local quantities reduce to the Bondi energy, linear
momentum, and angular momentum, and the corresponding fluxes become the Bondi
fluxes. The quasi-local angular momentum turns out to be zero for any
two-surface in the flat Minkowski spacetime. I also present a candidate for
quasi-local {\it rotational} energy which agrees with the Carter's constant in
the asymptotic region of the Kerr spacetime. Finally, a simple relation between
energy-flux and angular momentum-flux of a generic gravitational radiation is
discussed, whose existence reflects the fact that energy-flux always
accompanies angular momentum-flux unless the flux is an s-wave.Comment: 36 pages, 3 figures, RevTex
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