499 research outputs found
U-J Synergy Effect for the High Tc Superconductors
Using renormalization group and exact diagonalization of small clusters we
investigate the ground state phase diagram of a two-dimensional extended
Hubbard model with nearest-neighbor exchange interaction J, in addition to the
local Coulomb repulsion U. The main instabilities are antiferromagnetism close
to half-filling and d-wave superconductivity in the doped system. Our results
suggest that the combined action of J and U interactions provide a remarkably
efficient mechanism to enhance both d-wave superconducting and
antiferromagnetic correlations.Comment: Final version, to appear in PR
Colloidal stability of tannins: astringency, wine tasting and beyond
Tannin-tannin and tannin-protein interactions in water-ethanol solvent
mixtures are studied in the context of red wine tasting. While tannin
self-aggregation is relevant for visual aspect of wine tasting (limpidity and
related colloidal phenomena), tannin affinities for salivary proline-rich
proteins is fundamental for a wide spectrum of organoleptic properties related
to astringency. Tannin-tannin interactions are analyzed in water-ethanol
wine-like solvents and the precipitation map is constructed for a typical grape
tannin. The interaction between tannins and human salivary proline-rich
proteins (PRP) are investigated in the framework of the shell model for
micellization, known for describing tannin-induced aggregation of beta-casein.
Tannin-assisted micellization and compaction of proteins observed by SAXS are
described quantitatively and discussed in the case of astringency
Weakly correlated electrons on a square lattice: a renormalization group theory
We study the weakly interacting Hubbard model on the square lattice using a
one-loop renormalization group approach. The transition temperature T_c between
the metallic and (nearly) ordered states is found. In the parquet regime, (T_c
>> |mu|), the dominant correlations at temperatures below T_c are
antiferromagnetic while in the BCS regime (T_c << |mu|) at T_c the d-wave
singlet pairing susceptibility is most divergent.Comment: 12 pages, REVTEX, 3 figures included, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
d-wave superconductivity and Pomeranchuk instability in the two-dimensional Hubbard model
We present a systematic stability analysis for the two-dimensional Hubbard
model, which is based on a new renormalization group method for interacting
Fermi systems. The flow of effective interactions and susceptibilities confirms
the expected existence of a d-wave pairing instability driven by
antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations. More unexpectedly, we find that strong
forward scattering interactions develop which may lead to a Pomeranchuk
instability breaking the tetragonal symmetry of the Fermi surface.Comment: 4 pages (RevTeX), 4 eps figure
Characteristic Energy Losses with High Energy Electrons up to 2.5 MeV
Some aspects of the influence of the energy of the incident electrons in electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) are considered. It is shown that this method of analysis used in high voltage electron microscopy, permits one to observe, with a better edge jump ratio than at lower accelerating voltages, the characteristic edges. One important question is to eliminate artefacts in the counting and to record only electrons from the true spectrum. Some recent examples are given. One of them concerns extended energy loss fine structures (EXELFS). It seems high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) could be very useful in this domain
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in the colored Hubbard model
The Hubbard model is reformulated in terms of different ``colored'' fermion
species for the electrons or holes at different lattice sites.
Antiferromagnetic ordering or d-wave superconductivity can then be described in
terms of translationally invariant expectation values for colored composite
scalar fields. A suitable mean field approximation for the two dimensional
colored Hubbard model shows indeed phases with antiferromagnetic ordering or
d-wave superconductivity at low temperature. At low enough temperature the
transition to the antiferromagnetic phase is of first order. The present
formulation also allows an easy extension to more complicated microscopic
interactions.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure
Exact integral equation for the renormalized Fermi surface
The true Fermi surface of a fermionic many-body system can be viewed as a
fixed point manifold of the renormalization group (RG). Within the framework of
the exact functional RG we show that the fixed point condition implies an exact
integral equation for the counterterm which is needed for a self-consistent
calculation of the Fermi surface. In the simplest approximation, our integral
equation reduces to the self-consistent Hartree-Fock equation for the
counterterm.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
Renormalization group analysis of the 2D Hubbard model
Salmhofer [Commun. Math. Phys. 194, 249 (1998)] has recently developed a new
renormalization group method for interacting Fermi systems, where the complete
flow from the bare action of a microscopic model to the effective low-energy
action, as a function of a continuously decreasing infrared cutoff, is given by
a differential flow equation which is local in the flow parameter. We apply
this approach to the repulsive two-dimensional Hubbard model with nearest and
next-nearest neighbor hopping amplitudes. The flow equation for the effective
interaction is evaluated numerically on 1-loop level. The effective
interactions diverge at a finite energy scale which is exponentially small for
small bare interactions. To analyze the nature of the instabilities signalled
by the diverging interactions we extend Salmhofers renormalization group for
the calculation of susceptibilities. We compute the singlet superconducting
susceptibilities for various pairing symmetries and also charge and spin
density susceptibilities. Depending on the choice of the model parameters
(hopping amplitudes, interaction strength and band-filling) we find
commensurate and incommensurate antiferromagnetic instabilities or d-wave
superconductivity as leading instability. We present the resulting phase
diagram in the vicinity of half-filling and also results for the density
dependence of the critical energy scale.Comment: 16 pages, RevTeX, 16 eps figure
Exact renormalization group flow equations for non-relativistic fermions: scaling towards the Fermi surface
We construct exact functional renormalization group (RG) flow equations for
non-relativistic fermions in arbitrary dimensions, taking into account not only
mode elimination but also the rescaling of the momenta, frequencies and the
fermionic fields. The complete RG flow of all relevant, marginal and irrelevant
couplings can be described by a system of coupled flow equations for the
irreducible n-point vertices. Introducing suitable dimensionless variables, we
obtain flow equations for generalized scaling functions which are continuous
functions of the flow parameter, even if we consider quantities which are
dominated by momenta close to the Fermi surface, such as the density-density
correlation function at long wavelengths. We also show how the problem of
constructing the renormalized Fermi surface can be reduced to the problem of
finding the RG fixed point of the irreducible two-point vertex at vanishing
momentum and frequency. We argue that only if the degrees of freedom are
properly rescaled it is possible to reach scale-invariant non-Fermi liquid
fixed points within a truncation of the exact RG flow equations.Comment: 20 Revtex pages, with 4 figures; final version to appear in Phys.
Rev. B; references and some explanations adde
Soil CO efflux in Central Amazonia: Environmental and methodological effects
Soil respiration plays a significant role in the carbon cycle of Amazonian rainforests. Measurements of soil respiration have only been carried out in few places in the Amazon. This study investigated the effects of the method of ring insertion in the soil as well as of rainfall and spatial distribution on C
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