Organic food prices and the consumer - review of the evidence

There is a lack of research on actual organic price knowledge and on how consumers deal with prices during information search and purchase decision at the point of sale. Further research into this can help market actors to strike the balance between price as a barrier and as a cue to quality perception. Research on consumers and organic food prices should increasingly differentiate between organic consumer segments, product categories, distribution channel and brands. Such research will guide market actors towards more targeted pricing strategies that can support further market growth

Development and three-dimensional morphology of the zygomaticotemporal suture in primate skulls

Cranial sutures are an essential part of the growing skull, allowing bones to increase in size during growth, with their morphology widely believed to be dictated by the forces and displacements that they experience. The zygomaticotemporal suture in primates is located in the relatively weak zygomatic arch, and externally it appears a very simple connection. However, large forces are almost certainly transmitted across this suture, suggesting that it requires some level of stability while also allowing controlled movements under high loading. Here we examine the 2- and 3-dimensional (3D) morphology of the zygomaticotemporal suture in an ontogenetic series of Macaca fascicularis skulls. High resolution microcomputed tomography data sets were examined, and virtual and physical 3D replicas were created to assess both structure and general stability. The zygomaticotemporal suture is much more complex than its external appearance suggests, with interlocking facets between the adjacent zygomatic and temporal bones. It appears as if some movement is permitted across the suture in younger animals, but as they approach adulthood the complexity of the suture's interlocking bone facets reaches a level where these movements become minimal

The Role of Millimeter VLBI Observations in AGN Research

VLBI at millimeter wavelengths (mm-VLBI) allows the detailed imaging of compact galactic and extragalactic radio sources with micro-arcsecond scale resolution, unaccessible by other observing techniques. Here we discuss the scientific potential of mm-VLBI for present and future research on `Active Galactic Nuclei' (AGN) and their powerful relativistic jets. With the new generation of large radio telescopes and interferometer arrays operating in the millimeter radio bands (e.g. ALMA), the ultimate vicinity of super massive Black Holes, and eventually even their event horizon, could be imaged. With its large collecting area, and in combination with these future telescopes, the Sardinia Radio Telescope could form the World's `sharpest' astronomical imaging machine.Comment: 10 pages, 1 table, 7 figures. An inveited talk held at the Sardinia Radiotelescope Conference in Cagliari, Sardinia, on November 7-10, 200

Dual frequency VSOP imaging of the jet in S5 0836+710

The luminous high-redshift (z=2.17) quasar S50836+710 has been observed in October 1997 with the VSOP at 1.6 GHz and 5 GHz. We report here a previously unpublished image made from the data at 1.6 GHz and compare the structure of a relativistic jet in this quasazr at the two frequencies. We present a spectral index image tracing spectral properties of the jet up to ~40 milliarcsecond distance from the nucleus. The curved jet ridge line observed in the images and the spectral index distribution can be described by Kelvin-Helmholtz instability developing in a relativistic outflow with a Mach number of ~6. In this description, the overall ridge line of the jet is formed by the helical surface mode of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, while areas of flatter spectral index embedded into the flow correspond to pressure enhancements produced by the elliptical surface mode of the instability. An alternative explanation involving a sequence of slowly dissipating shocks cannot be ruled out at this point.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, pasj00.cls. Submitted to PASJ. (Corrected figure orientation

The biomechanical function of periodontal ligament fibres in orthodontic tooth movement

Orthodontic tooth movement occurs as a result of resorption and formation of the alveolar bone due to an applied load, but the stimulus responsible for triggering orthodontic tooth movement remains the subject of debate. It has been suggested that the periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a key role. However, the mechanical function of the PDL in orthodontic tooth movement is not well understood as most mechanical models of the PDL to date have ignored the fibrous structure of the PDL. In this study we use finite element (FE) analysis to investigate the strains in the alveolar bone due to occlusal and orthodontic loads when PDL is modelled as a fibrous structure as compared to modelling PDL as a layer of solid material. The results show that the tension-only nature of the fibres essentially suspends the tooth in the tooth socket and their inclusion in FE models makes a significant difference to both the magnitude and distribution of strains produced in the surrounding bone. The results indicate that the PDL fibres have a very important role in load transfer between the teeth and alveolar bone and should be considered in FE studies investigating the biomechanics of orthodontic tooth movement. © 2014 McCormack et al