English hooligans and Italian ultras: Sport, culture and national policy narratives

How has football hooliganism in England, largely, been successfully managed or displaced over the past 30 years, while violence and disorder caused by sections of the ultras movement in Italy continues to dog the domestic Italian game? This paper tries to map out the relevant developments off, as well as on, the sporting landscapes in each of these countries. Many European states have looked, simply, to legislative changes and to reforms in policing and stewarding in England, without understanding how these have been combined with a wider cultural transformation of the fan experience at football matches in a new generation of highly priced, modernized and highly regulated stadia. The Hillsborough Stadium disaster in England in 1989 - not caused by hooliganism but predicated upon expectations it might occur – provided for something of a sea change in public attitudes towards the game and football fans. It also changed the prevailing rhetoric inside English stadia from a struggle over who controls stadium space to one focused on pacification and fan safety. A forced stadium modernization programme in England in the 1990s marginalized hooligan cultures from the global sporting product the EPL has since become. By contrast, in Italy less of this modernization, or change in attitudes or approach, has occurred in quite the same way. Violent ultras in Italy are more politicized and wield more power in the Italian game than their equivalents do in England. Moreover, no major trauma has occurred in Italy to aid radically re-positioning the domestic game

A prospective study of falls following hip fracture in community dwelling older adults

Objectives. This cohort study was designed to determine if the rate of falls, subsequent injuries and the utilisation of health and community care services was higher over one year in a group of community living hip fracture subjects (six-twelve months post fracture) than in age and gender matched controls. Functional and quality of life measures were assessed as potential predictors of falls. Method. 92 age (mean age 76) and gender (60 females: 32 males) matched subjects had demographic, functional and quality of life measures assessed at baseline. Over the following year datlrm on the number of falls, trips and stumbles and the circirmstances surrounding the event were collected by monthly telephone surveillance. Results. The incidence rate for both falls and events, including where the event occurred, were similar for the groups. The distribution of the type af event was different with the fracture group experiencing more falls and stumbles and the controls more trips. The fracture group had more significant injuries, including fractures, and was more likely to have sought medical attention. The Berg Balance Scale, Frenchay Activities of Daily Living and the physical function domuin of the SF-36 were negatively predictive of falls. Conclusions. The hip fracture patient, living in the community 6-12 months later, is no more likely to fall than their age and gender counterpart, however, they presented with a different and more severe pattern of injury and an increased use of GP services. The fracture group was also noted to be less active, indicating that they may have made lifestyle modifications, which may decrease their risk of falls

Immersion programs in Australia: Exploring four models for developing ‘classroom- ready’ teachers

‘Classroom-ready’ graduate teachers require a sound understanding of the complex context that constitutes the ‘classroom’ in which they are expected to teach. The preservice teachers’ experiences within schools provide critical insights into these complexities and provide ongoing professional development towards their classroom readiness. It is in the school setting where theory learnt at university can inform and support preservice teachers to make sense of their observations of students’ learning, teachers’ teaching and their own teaching practice. We contend that within a traditional professional experience, the opportunities to link educational theory to teaching practice are usually incidental rather than purposeful, with preservice teachers often having limited opportunity to observe and experience the multifaceted nature of being a teacher. At both the state and national levels, governments are advocating for the improvement of preservice teachers’ school experiences and for universities to ensure the graduation of ‘classroom-ready’ teachers. This chapter examines how initial teacher education providers are enhancing preservice teachers’ teaching and learning experiences through innovative in-school immersion programs with the goal of producing more professionally prepared, ‘classroom-ready’ graduates. The chapter showcases four different models of school immersion programs from across Australia, outlining the purpose, structure and intended outcomes of each. A critique of these models highlighting tensions and vulnerabilities to implementation of immersion programs results in recommendations for initial teacher education providers who are seeking to support the immersion of preservice teachers as they transition into the teaching profession

The cystic fibrosis Frequent Flyer Programme: A pilot 12 month quality improvement initiative focused on intensive outpatient physiotherapy, exercise and dietetic support

Children with moderate to severe CF require frequent hospital admissions for intensive prophylactic IV antibiotic treatment or as a response to acute events. During admissions, physiotherapy treatment includes 2 daily intensive airway clearance sessions and an exercise session. Nutritional status is also reviewed. Between admissions children are reviewed at bi-monthly outpatient appointments. An alternative model of care that provides comprehensive outpatient physiotherapy and dietetic management may be more effective. The Frequent Flyer Programme was undertaken as a quality improvement initiative within the CF Unit, in addition to the specialist services already provided

The Frequent Flyer Programme: Results of a 12-month quality improvement initiative focused on intensive outpatient physiotherapy and dietetic support

Our current model of CF care is based on intensive inpatient intervention. An alternative model providing comprehensive outpatient physiotherapy and dietetic management to children with moderate-to-severe CF may be more effective

Hip fracture outcomes : quality of life and functional status in older adults living in the community

Background: People who return to living in the community after a hip fracture are considered to have the best outcome. However, their quality of life (QOL) and its relationship with function over the longer term have not been fully assessed. Aims: This case control study of community dwelling subjects six to 12 months post hip fracture aims to investigate their QOL and functional independence. Method: The Short Form-36 (SF-36) was utilised to measure QOL. The Modified Barthel Index (MBI), the Frenchay Activities of Daily Living Index (FAI), the Timed ...Up & Go... (TUG), and the Berg Balance Scale (Berg) were used to measure functionality. Results: Ninety-two subjects and 92 controls were recruited. Despite being age and gender matched, the hip fracture subjects scored significantly (p...0.05) worse than the controls in all measures of function. The fracture group was slower on the TUG (19 vs 10.5 seconds), had more difficulties with balance (46 vs 54 out of 56), and was less active and more dependant than the control group (FAI 24 vs 31 out of 42). The SF-36 has eight domains: physical function, role physical, bodily pain, mental health, role emotional, social function, general health and vitality. The control group had a higher (p...0.05) perception of their QOL in all domains. Conclusion: The effects of impaired balance and mobility along with reduced functional and social independence are reflected in the diminished QOL perceived by the fracture group. This indicates that many do not return to their pre-fracture lifestyle

Theorising the third space of professional experience partnerships

Across the international research literature, references to the problematic ‘theory-practice gap’ in initial teacher education abound. Essentially, this refers to the dialectical positioning of university-based learning about teaching as abstracted theory in opposition to situated school-based learning about teaching through practice. This perceived theory-practice gap is exacerbated by the fact that the distinction between university-based and school-based learning is not only figurative but also literal, resulting in confusion amongst preservice teachers who often perceive an irreconcilable tension between the theories learned at the university and the practices observed during their professional experience in schools. Policy reform and popular debate around this persistent problem tend to focus attention on rebalancing the ratios of theoretical and practical learning in initial teacher education. But recent scholarship on the subject offers a new paradigm in which theory meets practice and in which university- and school-based learning come together in a third space of mutuality, hybridity and collaboration. Popularised by Ken Zeichner, third space theory is gathering momentum as a framework for closing the theory-practice gap in initial teacher education, especially as it plays out in the professional experience component. Third space theory is being variously applied across contexts to (re)frame school-university partnerships and the role and position of various stakeholders within them

Growth outcomes in children with moderate-to-severe CF on an intensive exercise and dietetic programme

The correlation between nutritional status and clinical outcomes in CF is well documented. Children with moderate-to-severe CF who exercise regularly may require frequent dietetic input to optimise growth

Perioperative temperature monitoring for patient safety: A period prevalence study of five hospitals

Background: Monitoring body temperature is essential for safe perioperative care. Without patient monitoring during each surgical phase, alterations in core body temperature will not be recognised, prevented, or treated. Safe use of warming interventions also depends on monitoring. Yet there has been limited evaluation of temperature monitoring practices as the primary endpoint. Objective: To investigate temperature monitoring practices during all stages of perioperative care. We examined what patient characteristics are associated with the rate of temperature monitoring, along with clinical variables such as warming intervention or exposure to hypothermia. Design: An observational period-prevalence study over seven days across five Australian hospitals. Settings: Four metropolitan, tertiary hospitals and one regional hospital. Participants: We selected all adult patients (N = 1690) undergoing any surgical procedure and any mode of anaesthesia during the study period. Methods: Patient characteristics, perioperative temperature data, warming interventions and exposure to hypothermia were retrospectively collected from patient charts. We describe the frequencies and distribution of temperature data at each perioperative stage, including adherence to minimum temperature monitoring based on clinical guidelines. To examine associations with clinical variables, we also modelled the rate of temperature monitoring using each patient's count of recorded temperature measurements within their calculated time interval from anaesthetic induction to postanaesthetic care unit discharge. All analyses adjusted 95% confidence intervals (CI) for patient clustering by hospital. Results: There were low levels of temperature monitoring, with most temperature data clustered around admission to postanaesthetic care. Over half of patients (51.8%) had two or less temperatures recorded during perioperative care and one-third (32.7%) had no temperature data at all prior to admission to postanaesthetic care. Of all patients that received active warming intervention during surgery, over two-thirds (68.5%) had no temperature monitoring recorded. In our adjusted model, associations between clinical variables and the rate of temperature monitoring often did not reflect clinical risk or need: rates were decreased for those with greatest operative risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification IV: rate ratio (RR) 0.78, 95% CI 0.68–0.89; emergency surgery: RR 0.89, 0.80–0.98), and neither warming interventions (intraoperative warming: RR 1.01, 0.93–1.10; postanaesthetic care unit warming: RR 1.02, 0.98–1.07) nor hypothermia at postanaesthetic care unit admission (RR 1.12, 0.98–1.28) were associated with monitoring rate. Conclusions: Our findings point to the need for systems-level change to enable proactive temperature monitoring over all phases of perioperative care to enhance patient safety outcomes. Registration: Not a clinical trial

Growth outcomes in children with moderate-to-severe CF on an intensive exercise and dietetic programme

The correlation between nutritional status and clinical outcomes in CF is well documented. Children with moderate-to-severe CF who exercise regularly may require frequent dietetic input to optimise growth