11 research outputs found
Primary structure of the calcium ion-transporting adenosine triphosphatase from rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Some peptic, thermolytic, tryptic and staphylococcal-proteinase peptides
The primary structure of the calcium ion-transporting adenosine triphosphatase protein of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Peptides derived from digestion with cyanogen bromide, and the sequences of three long extramembranous segments
Trans European Networks
The European Union and the 1996 IGC: crisis or opportunity? No.*13 of 16SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:q96/11382 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Identification, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Sulfur-Containing Volatile Compounds from the In-Depth Analysis of Lisbon Lemon Peels (Citrus limon L. Burm. f. cv. Lisbon)
Lemons
(Citrus limon) are a desirable
citrus fruit grown and used globally in a wide range of applications.
The main constituents of this sour-tasting fruit have been well quantitated
and characterized. However, additional research is still necessary
to better understand the trace volatile compounds that may contribute
to the overall aroma of the fruit. In this study, Lisbon lemons (<i>C. limon</i> L. Burm. f. cv. Lisbon) were purchased from a grove
in California, USA, and extracted by liquid–liquid extraction.
Fractionation and multidimensional gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry were utilized to separate, focus, and enhance unidentified
compounds. In addition, these methods were employed to more accurately
assign flavor dilution factors by aroma extract dilution analysis.
Numerous compounds were identified for the first time in lemons, including
a series of branched aliphatic aldehydes and several novel sulfur-containing
structures. Rarely reported in citrus peels, sulfur compounds are
known to contribute significantly to the aroma profile of the fruit
and were found to be aroma-active in this particular study on lemons.
This paper discusses the identification, synthesis, and organoleptic
properties of these novel volatile sulfur compounds
The geographical distribution of fossil fuels unused when limiting global warming to 2 °C
Policy makers have generally agreed that the average global temperature rise caused by greenhouse gas emissions should not exceed 2 °C above the average global temperature of pre-industrial times. It has been estimated that to have at least a 50 per cent chance of keeping warming below 2 °C throughout the twenty-first century, the cumulative carbon emissions between 2011 and 2050 need to be limited to around 1,100 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide (Gt CO2). However, the greenhouse gas emissions contained in present estimates of global fossil fuel reserves are around three times higher than this, and so the unabated use of all current fossil fuel reserves is incompatible with a warming limit of 2 °C. Here we use a single integrated assessment model that contains estimates of the quantities, locations and nature of the world's oil, gas and coal reserves and resources, and which is shown to be consistent with a wide variety of modelling approaches with different assumptions, to explore the implications of this emissions limit for fossil fuel production in different regions. Our results suggest that, globally, a third of oil reserves, half of gas reserves and over 80 per cent of current coal reserves should remain unused from 2010 to 2050 in order to meet the target of 2 °C. We show that development of resources in the Arctic and any increase in unconventional oil production are incommensurate with efforts to limit average global warming to 2 °C. Our results show that policy makers' instincts to exploit rapidly and completely their territorial fossil fuels are, in aggregate, inconsistent with their commitments to this temperature limit. Implementation of this policy commitment would also render unnecessary continued substantial expenditure on fossil fuel exploration, because any new discoveries could not lead to increased aggregate production