At War: Sylvia Townsend Warner and Maiden Newton

Sylvia Townsend Warner’s 1958 poetry collection Boxwood is an unusual book with an unusual genesis. This article examines how Warner and her neighbour, the wood engraver Reynolds Stone, collaborated on the project. It explores Warner’s meditations on rural life, storytelling and human mortality in the wider contexts of her own poetry and the history of British wood engraving

Two Poems: Two Stories

These two poems reflect on Sylvia Townsend Warner and her milieu.The first recalls an incident about Warner’s burial and the second concerns a later tenant of a house Warner rented in the 1930s

Aircraft System and Product Development: Teaching the Conceptual Phase

This paper reports the first offering of a graduate level subject covering the conceptual phase of aircraft product development. The output of the conceptual phase is a system level specification that usually serves as the input for a traditional undergraduate capstone subject on aircraft design. Of critical importance in the conceptual phase is addressing the business case for the candidate product. The conceptual phase spans a much wider range of topics than the technical issues which dominate preliminary design. These include user needs, investment and business requirements, market analysis, operational issues, exogenous constraints (certification, regulation, political, etc.), as well as engineering and manufacturing requirements. Students in the subject were required to Prepare for the Board of Directors of a large aerospace company a compelling business case and specification for a large jet transport product. Three student teams produced original responses to the challenge and have reported their findings in a companion AIAA paper. This paper addresses the pedagogical approaches and outcomes. These encompass the use of distance learning technology and techniques for several off-campus practicing engineering students. Overall, the outcome was very gratifying. The class will be offered in the spring of 2001, focusing on a supersonic business jet

Double reading in breast cancer screening : cohort evaluation in the CO-OPS trial

Purpose: To investigate the effect of double readings by a second radiologist on recall rates, cancer detection and characteristics of cancers detected in the National Health Service Breast Screening Program in England. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective analysis we evaluated 805,206 women through screening and diagnostic test results by extracting one year of routine data from 33 English breast screening centers. Centers used double reading of digital mammograms, with arbitration if there were discrepant reads. Information on reader decisions, with results of follow-up tests, were used to explore the effect of the second reader. The statistical tests used were the test for equality of proportions, the χ2 test for independence and the t-test. Results: The first reader recalled 4·76%, (38295/805206, 95% CI 4·71%-4·80%) of women. Two readers recalled 6·19% in total, (49857/805206, 95% CI 6·14%- 6·24%), but arbitration of discordant reads reduced recall rate to 4·08%, (32863/805206, 95% CI 4·04%-4·12%, p<0.001). 7055 cancers were detected of which 627 (8·89%, 95% CI 8·22%-9·55%, p<0.001) were detected by the second reader only. These additional cancers were more likely to be ductal carcinoma in situ, (30·5% (183/600) vs 22.0% (1344/6114), p<0.001); and additional invasive cancers were smaller (mean 14·2mm vs 16·7mm, p<0.001), had fewer involved nodes, and were likely to be lower grade. Conclusion: Double reading with arbitration reduces recall and increases cancer detection compared to single reading. Cancers detected only by the second reader were smaller, lower grade, and had less nodal involvement

Barremian and Aptian (Cretaceous) sharks and rays from Speeton, Yorkshire, north-east England

Bulk sampling of a number of horizons within the upper part of the Speeton Clay Type section has produced teeth and other remains of sharks and rays from several poorly studied horizons. At least 10 shark and two ray species were recorded, with two sharks, Pteroscyllium speetonensis and Palaeobrachaelurus mitchelli, being described as new. The oldest occurrences of the family Anacoracadae and the genus Pteroscyllium, as well as the youngest occurrence of the genus Palaeobrachaelurus, were recorded. The palaeoenvironmental significance of the faunas is briefly discussed

The Structure of Eu-III

Previous x-ray diffraction studies have reported Eu to transform from the hcp structure to a new phase, Eu-III, at 18 GPa. Using x-ray powder diffraction we have determined that Eu remains hcp up to 33 GPa, and that the extra peaks that appear at 18 GPa are from an impurity phase with space group R-3c . Above 33 GPa the diffraction pattern becomes very much more complex, signalling a transition to a phase with a distorted hcp structure.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, AIRAPT-23 Conference, Mumbai, 201

Inhomogeneous nucleation in quark hadron phase transition

The effect of subcritical hadron bubbles on a first-order quark-hadron phase transition is studied. These subcritical hadron bubbles are created due to thermal fluctuations, and can introduce a finite amount of phase mixing (quark phase mixed with hadron phase) even at and above the critical temperature. For reasonable choices of surface tension and correlation length, as obtained from the lattice QCD calculations, we show that the amount of phase mixing at the critical temperature remains below the percolation threshold. Thus, as the system cools below the critical temperature, the transition proceeds through the nucleation of critical-size hadron bubbles from a metastable quark-gluon phase (QGP), within an inhomogeneous background populated by an equilibrium distribution of subcritical hadron bubbles. The inhomogeneity of the medium results in a substantial reduction of the nucleation barrier for critical bubbles. Using the corrected nucleation barrier, we estimate the amount of supercooling for different parameters controlling the phase transition, and briefly discuss its implications to cosmology and heavy-ion collisions.Comment: LaTeX, 14 pages with 8 Postscript figures. Discussion added in introduction and conclusion, Fig. 8 added, few more references added, Typographical errors corrected. Version to appear in Phys. Rev.

COIVF-9 %Ob 6Y-- N EAR-N ET-SHAPE FABRICATION BY FORCED-FLOW, THERMAL-G RAD1 ENT CVI*

Forced-flow, thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (FCVI) has been developed for the rapid densification of ceramic matrix composites. For preforms of &gt;3 mm thickness FCVl can produce a near-net-shape part in less than one day as opposed to isothermal, isobaric CVI which requires several weeks to densify such a component. Efforts at ORNL and elsewhere have resulted in capability to produce prototypical thick-walled heat exchanger tubes and turbine disk blanks. This paper will review recent modeling and experimental efforts related to the FCVl of cylindrical forms