Evolution of the Polyphenolic Content of Moravian White Grape Variety Wines of Different Vintages During Storage

Wine is known as a source of bioactive compounds and is one of the alcoholic beverages with the highestphenolic content. There has been growing interest in the composition of wine due to its beneficial propertiesfor human health. This work focuses on biologically active and sensory attributes of white wine and presentsresearch on wine chemical profiles in relation to their geographical origin, varieties and storage. The aimof this study was to investigate the phenolic compound evolution of 35 selected white wine varieties fromthe Moravian region in the Czech Republic. To separate and identify individual phenolic compounds in the wines, the high-performance liquid chromatographic method was used. A spectrophotometric methodwas applied for the determination of total polyphenol and total flavonoid content. This research presentsresults for the total benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonols, flavanols and stilbene content ofMoravian white grape varieties. Differences were found in the content of these compounds, and the resultsshow that the phenolic concentrations depend on grape variety and storage time

Transcriptomic and biochemical investigations support the role of rootstock-scion interaction in grapevine berry quality

Background In viticulture, rootstock genotype plays a critical role to improve scion physiology, berry quality and to adapt grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) to different environmental conditions. This study aimed at investigating the effect of two different rootstocks (1103 Paulsen - P - and Mgt 101-14 - M) in comparison with not grafted plants - NGC - on transcriptome (RNA-seq and small RNA-seq) and chemical composition of berry skin inPinot noir, and exploring the influence of rootstock-scion interaction on grape quality. Berry samples, collected at veraison and maturity, were investigated at transcriptional and biochemical levels to depict the impact of rootstock on berry maturation. Results RNA- and miRNA-seq analyses highlighted that, at veraison, the transcriptomes of the berry skin are extremely similar, while variations associated with the different rootstocks become evident at maturity, suggesting a greater diversification at transcriptional level towards the end of the ripening process. In the experimental design, resembling standard agronomic growth conditions, the vines grafted on the two different rootstocks do not show a high degree of diversity. In general, the few genes differentially expressed at veraison were linked to photosynthesis, putatively because of a ripening delay in not grafted vines, while at maturity the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in the synthesis and transport of phenylpropanoids (e.g. flavonoids), cell wall loosening, and stress response. These results were supported by some differences in berry phenolic composition detected between grafted and not grafted plants, in particular in resveratrol derivatives accumulation. Conclusions Transcriptomic and biochemical data demonstrate a stronger impact of 1103 Paulsen rootstock than Mgt 101-14 or not grafted plants on ripening processes related to the secondary metabolite accumulations in berry skin tissue. Interestingly, theMYB14gene, involved in the feedback regulation of resveratrol biosynthesis was up-regulated in 1103 Paulsen thus supporting a putative greater accumulation of stilbenes in mature berries

Fizyczne symulacje walcowania regulowanego i przyspieszonego chłodzenia blach grubych z ultradrobnoziarnistej stali

The work shows the possibilities of obtaining ultrafine-grained ferrite-pearlite and ferrite-bainite structures in the process of controlled rolling of sheet metal using immediate accelerated cooling after the final pass. Low-carbon steel without micro-alloy additives was analyzed. The analysis was conducted using the Gleeble 3800 device with Hydrawedge II MCU module which enabled a multiple cycle of fast compression of the material. During the test, 10×15×20 mm rectangular parallelepiped specimens were deformed in flat anvils gaining the flat state of deformation in the zone of compression. Then the influence of the used scheme of deformation, cooling rate, time of break between the last deformation and the beginning of the accelerated cooling was analyzed as well as the temperature at the end of accelerated cooling of the structure and the mechanical properties of the final item.W pracy przedstawiono możliwości uzyskiwania superdrobnoziarnistych struktur ferrytyczno-perlitycznych i ferrytyczno-bainitycznych w procesie regulowanego walcowania blach grubych z zastosowaniem bezpośredniego przyspieszonego chłodzenia po ostatnim przepuście. Analizie poddano niskowęglową stal, która nie zawiera dodatków mikrostopowych. Badania prowadzono za pomocą urządzenia Gleeble 3800 z przystawką Hydrawedge II MCU, które umożliwia wykonywanie wielokrotnych szybkich cykli ściskania materiału. Podczas badań odkształcano prostopadłościenne próbki o wymiarach 10×15×20 mm w płaskich kowadłach, uzyskując płaski stan odkształcenia w strefie ściskania. Analizowano wpływ zastosowanego schematu odkształceń, szybkości chłodzenia, czasu przerwy pomiędzy ostatnim odkształceniem i początkiem przyspieszonego chłodzenia oraz temperatury końca przyspieszonego chłodzenia na strukturę i własności mechaniczne uzyskanego wyrobu

Bacteriophage T4 RNA ligase is gene 63 product, the protein that promotes tail fiber attachment to the baseplate.

RNA ligase and tail fiber attachment activities, normally induced following bacteriophage T4 infection of Escherichia coli, are not induced when gene 63 amber mutants of T4 infect nonpermissive host cells. Both activities are induced when these mutants infect permissive hosts, or when revertants of these mutants infect nonpermissive hosts. When one of these mutants infects a host that carries supF, both activities are more than normally heat labile. RNA ligase, purified to homogeneity, promotes the tail fiber attachment reaction in vitro with a specific activity similar to that of the most highly purified preparations of gene 63 product isolated on the basis of tail fiber attachment activity. We conclude that T4 RNA ligase is gene 63 product. The RNA ligase and tail fiber attachment reactions differ in requirements and in response to some inhibitors, suggesting that the two activities of the gene 63 product may be mechanistically unrelated

X-ray tube with needle-like anode

An X-ray tube with a needle-like anode (NAXT) built in our Laboratory, its design and basic operating parameters are presented. The process of electron beam forming and influence of external and internal magnetic fields is discussed. The tube properties essential from the point of view of its application in X-ray generators as well as disadvantageous thermal effects caused by flow of heat generated in the tube target to irradiated objects are discussed. The tube is almost a point-like source of X radiation emitted into 4đ geometry; the dose rates are on the order of 1 Gy/min at the distance of 10 mm from the anode cap. Preliminary tests show the tube may be useful in brachytherapy of cancer tumors of diameter up to 30 mm. The tube may also be an interesting device in widely understood field of irradiation techniques