Regulating Search Warrant Execution Procedure for Stored Electronic Communications

Electronic communication services, from email, to social media, tomessaging applications, have not only dramatically changed daily life but have also had a profound impact on criminal investigations and procedure.The often large volume of electronically stored information has led to a two-step process for search warrant execution, codified in Federal Criminal Procedure Rule 41. When conducting a search pursuant to Rule 41, law enforcement often retains both responsive items—materials that fall within the scope of the warrant—and nonresponsive materials—intermingled items that can be searched, but ultimately exceed the scope of the warrant. This possession of nonresponsive material creates a tension between the account holder’s privacy interests and the government’s ability to conduct an effective search.Courts and scholars have implemented and proposed a range of approaches for search warrant execution inlight of concerns about sweeping general searches and the practicalities of searching electronically stored information. This Note examines these approaches to regulate search warrant execution procedure in the context of stored electronic communications. This Note also discusses the strengths and shortcomings of these various mechanisms and concludes that Rule 41 should be amended to provide standards for the retention and use of nonresponsive material

Combining play therapy with behavior modification in child counseling

Includes bibliographical references

Soil degradation: a threat to developing-country food security by 2020?

Global population in the year 2020 will be a third higher than in 1995, but demand for food and fiber will rise by an even higher proportion, as incomes grow, diets diversify, and urbanization accelerates. However this demand is met, population and farming pressure on land resources will intensify greatly. There is growing concern in some quarters that a decline in long-term soil productivity is already seriously limiting food production in the developing world, and that the problem is getting worse. Sarah Sherr first focuses on the magnitude and effects of soil degradation. She then addresses soil degradation in the future and ends her brief with policy and research priorities.Soil degradation Developing countries., Food security Developing countries.,

A Sum Greater Than the Parts: What States Can Teach Each Other About Charter Schooling

States with a significant charter sector know firsthand that the success or failure of a charter school is not a matter of chance, but subject to variances in state laws and a state's educational, political, and regulatory climate. In this report, Sara Mead and Andrew J. Rotherham draw on the experiences of 12 states, proposing those lessons that are necessary for charter school quality and growth

Challenged Index: Why Newsweek's List of America's 100 Best High Schools Doesn't Make the Grade

Some schools on Newsweek's list of America's Top 100 high schools have large achievement gaps, grossly shortchange disadvantaged groups, and have a substantial number of drop-outs

Practitioner perceptions of sustainability in the Building Code of Australia

Buildings have a significant impact on environmental quality, resource use, human health and productivity. One definition of sustainable building is that which meets current building needs and reduces impacts on future generations by integrating building materials and methods that promote environmental quality, economic vitality, and social benefit&rsquo; (City of Seattle, 2006). In response to a changing view ofsustainability the Building Code of Australia (BCA) adopted energy measures in 2005 to residential buildings and, in 2006, to Class 1 &ndash; 9 buildings. In many respects the measures represented a watershed for the Australian Building Regulations which had not included sustainability within the BCA. The goals of the BCA are to enable the achievement and maintenance of acceptable standards of structural sufficiency, safety (including safety from fire), health and amenity for the benefit of the community now and in the future (ABCB, 2004a). As with any change some Building Surveyors and construction practitioners viewed these measures with apprehension. How would the measures be assessed? Furthermore, was the BCA the appropriate place for these measures and was this a broadening of the scope of the building regulations beyondits traditional remit of health and life safety in buildings? This research used a questionnaire survey the canvass the views and perceptions of Building Surveyors and Architects with regards to sustainability and the BCA in 2006.<br /

Restricted access : women's business ownership in profile

This report presents a profile of women-owned businesses in the United Kingdom. The data is drawn from a survey undertaken by the University of Strathclyde for the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB), published in May 2002. In total, 18,561 FSB members responded to the survey, of whom 1,750 (9%) stated that their business was wholly female-owned. In comparison, nearly 44% of respondents stated that their business was wholly male-owned and 42% that their business was owned jointly by men and women. Women-owned businesses are an important element of the SME sector and, as this profile shows, the characteristics of their businesses are rather different to the majority

Troubling the “WE” in art education: Slam poetry as subversive duoethnography

Scholarly dialogues are filled with discussions of teacher’s personal perspectives, experiences, and challenges - but rarely do these dialogues include the narratives that lie beneath the surface. The subversive tales confronting stories of microagressions, alternate histories, and institutionalized norms that shape the educational landscape we navigate daily. This paper is focused on bringing to the surface a call and response lament of two social justice-oriented art educators--one Black, the other White. Using the dialogic methodology of duoethnography and the performative aspects of slam poetry, we share our racialized-teaching accounts as a multisensory experience, where text and performative orality share a chimeric relationship. The slam poem format, along with a critical arts-based perspective, allows us to speak/perform with urgency alongside one another to share tales of an educational landscape rife with racialized inequities. Using the metaphor of eyesight, and its subsequent limitations, our poem references the challenges of human interaction within the rubric of racial categorization. We see slam poetry as a democratic means of performing identity and as a way to subvert the limitations of traditional hegemonic forms and norms and frame our poetic call and response as verses from below. This form of poetic lament frames our socio-political interaction around the concepts of Whiteness and Blackness in and through teaching and learning in art education. We close with brief considerations for how this approach might be generative in critically framing personal and educational interactions between/among/across difference