Impediments to the delivery of socioeconomic rights in South Africa

[from the Introduction] The purpose of including Second and Third Generation (STG) rights in a constitution is to provide guidelines to lawmakers to formulate policy and to enable the courts to intervene where these policies are not being implemented satisfactorily. In theory these rights allow citizens to demand from the state access to basic needs, such as adequate land, housing, education, health care, nutrition, and social security. However, this inclusion of rights in the constitution often does not translate into action. The first reason for this is that Second and Third Generation rights may clash with First Generation rights. For example the right to private property may, and in South Africa does, contradict the need for land for the majority. The major problem is whether the policies flowing out of Second and Third Generation rights are pursued with enough vigour by governments, the private sector, primary groups and individuals to overcome this contradiction. In many countries in the world it is the poorest sections of the population, and as Mamdani (1996) pointed out, migrant non-citizens, that bear the brunt of administrative and bureaucratic bungling and neglect

Kinetic and High-Pressure Mechanistic Investigation of the Aqua Substitution in the Trans-Aquaoxotetracyano Complexes of Re(V) and Tc(V): Some Implications for Nuclear Medicine

A kinetic study of the aqua substitution in the [TcO(OH2)(CN)4]− complex by different thiourea ligands (TU = thiourea, NMTU = N-methyl thiourea, NNDMTU = N, N′-dimethylthiourea) yielded second-order formation rate constants (25°C) as follows [NNDMTU, NMTU, TU, respectively]: kf = 11.5 ± 0.1, 11.38 ± 0.04, and 7.4 ± 0.1 M−1s−1, with activation parameters: Δ H#kf : 55 ± 2, 42 ± 3, 35 ± 5 kJ mol−1; ΔS#kf : − 40 ± 8, − 84 ± 11, − 110 ± 17 J K−1mol−1. A subsequent high-pressure investigation of the aqua substitution in the [ReO(OH2)(CN)4]− and [TcO(OH2)(CN)4]− complexes by selected entering ligands yielded ΔV#kf values as follows: Re(V): −1.7 ± 0.3(NCS−), −22.1 ± 0.9 (TU) and for Tc(V): −3.5 ± 0.3(NCS−), −14 ± 1 (NNDMTU), and −6.0 ± 0.5 (TU) cm3mol −1, respectively. These results point to an interchange associative mechanism for the negative NCS− as entering group but even a pure associative mechanism for the neutral thiourea ligands

Offside goals and induced breaches of contract

An analysis of Global Resources Group Ltd v Mackay which explores the possibility of building links between the offside goals rule and nominate delict of inducing breach of contract

4-[(4-Methyl­phen­yl)amino]­pent-3-en-2-one

The title enamino­ketone, C12H15NO, is a derivative of 4-(phenyl­amino)­pent-3-en-2-one with an approximately planar pentenone backbone, the greatest displacement from the plane being 0.042 (1) Å; the asymmetry in C—C distances in the group suggests the presence of unsaturated bonds. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the pentenone plane is 29.90 (4)°. In the crystal, an intra­molecular N—H⋯O inter­action and an inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond are observed

Personal Change as a Key Determinant of the Outcomes of Organisational Transformation Interventions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the critical role of personal change, and its inherent elements, in determining the outcomes of organisational transformation interventions. The purposeful sampling method was used to involve expert organisational transformation consultants as participants (N=10). A qualitative content analysis technique was applied to infer meaningful explanations to the research problem. It was found that although personal change formed an integral part of transformation interventions, it was not adequately explored and utilised as a crucial and consequential dimension in influencing the results of organisational transformation interventions. The implications of the findings are discussed

Di-μ-hydroxido-bis­[tris­(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl­acetyl­acetonato-κ2 O,O′)hafnium(IV)] dimethyl­formamide disolvate

The binuclear molecule of the title compound, [Hf2(C10H6F3O2)6(OH)2]·2C3H7NO, lies across an inversion centre and contains a HfIV atom which is eight-coordinated and surrounded by three chelating β-diketonato tris­(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl­acetyl­acetonate (tfba−) ligands and two bridging OH− groups in a distorted square-anti­prismatic geometry. The Hf—O bond lengths vary from 2.073 (2) to 2.244 (2) Å and the O—Hf—O bite angles vary from 73.49 (9) to 75.60 (9)°. Weak O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions are observed between the bridging hy­droxy groups and the dimethylformamide solvent mol­ecules. The unit cell contains solvent-accessible voids of 131 Å3, but the residual electron density in the difference Fourier map suggests no solvent mol­ecule occupies this void

Impediments to the delivery of socioeconomic rights in South Africa

[from the Introduction] The purpose of including Second and Third Generation (STG) rights in a constitution is to provide guidelines to lawmakers to formulate policy and to enable the courts to intervene where these policies are not being implemented satisfactorily. In theory these rights allow citizens to demand from the state access to basic needs, such as adequate land, housing, education, health care, nutrition, and social security. However, this inclusion of rights in the constitution often does not translate into action. The first reason for this is that Second and Third Generation rights may clash with First Generation rights. For example the right to private property may, and in South Africa does, contradict the need for land for the majority. The major problem is whether the policies flowing out of Second and Third Generation rights are pursued with enough vigour by governments, the private sector, primary groups and individuals to overcome this contradiction. In many countries in the world it is the poorest sections of the population, and as Mamdani (1996) pointed out, migrant non-citizens, that bear the brunt of administrative and bureaucratic bungling and neglect

Polymorphism in iodotris(tri-p-tolylphosphine)silver( I)

The reaction of silver(I) iodide with tri(p-tolyl)phosphine in MeCN solution in 1:3 molar ratio yields a polymorph of the complex of the formula [AgI{P(4-MeC₆H₄)₃}₃], with the Ag atom in a distorted tetrahedral environment. A polymorphic structure of this complex (a) is compared with previously published crystal structures (b), determined at different temperatures. The two polymorphs are compared using r.m.s. overlay calculations as well as half-normal probability plots