Numerical Investigation of Aerofoil Cascade and Tandem Cascade Using Vortex Panel Method

Panel methods are the numerical schemes for solving linear, inviscid, irrotational flow fields about arbitrary bodies at subsonic free-stream Mach numbers. The basic procedure is to discretize the body in terms of singularity distribution on the body surface then satisfy the necessary boundary conditions. It helps to determine the resulting distribution of singularity on the surface, and there by obtaining fluid dynamic properties of the flow. This project work describes a method for simulating, the potential flow field about the arbitrary two-dimensional bodies using MATLAB program. Even though singularities can be used as sources, doublets, or vortices, at this point the panel method uses the vortex element because it is talented to model both lifting forces and pressures. The numerical codes developed for this purpose computes the circulation, flow velocities, coefficient of lift and coefficient of pressure distribution over various geometries along with the streamline of corresponding bodies. Similarly the flow analysis is done for the same two dimensional bodies using FLUENT flow simulation tool and the results have been compared. The advantages of this numerical scheme over the conventional flow analysis are also presented in terms of reliable flow field data

Alpha-l-Locked nucleic acid-modified antisense oligonucleotides induce efficient splice modulation in vitro

Alpha-l-Locked nucleic acid (α-l-LNA) is a stereoisomeric analogue of locked nucleic acid (LNA), which possesses excellent biophysical properties and also exhibits high target binding affinity to complementary oligonucleotide sequences and resistance to nuclease degradations. Therefore, α-l-LNA nucleotides could be utilised to develop stable antisense oligonucleotides (AO), which can be truncated without compromising the integrity and efficacy of the AO. In this study, we explored the potential of α-l-LNA nucleotides-modified antisense oligonucleotides to modulate splicing by inducing Dmd exon-23 skipping in mdx mouse myoblasts in vitro. For this purpose, we have synthesised and systematically evaluated the efficacy of α-l-LNA-modified 2′-O-methyl phosphorothioate (2′-OMePS) AOs of three different sizes including 20mer, 18mer and 16mer AOs in parallel to fully-modified 2′-OMePS control AOs. Our results demonstrated that the 18mer and 16mer truncated AO variants showed slightly better exon-skipping efficacy when compared with the fully-23 modified 2′-OMePS control AOs, in addition to showing low cytotoxicity. As there was no previous report on using α-l-LNA-modified AOs in splice modulation, we firmly believe that this initial study could be beneficial to further explore and expand the scope of α-l-LNA-modified AO therapeutic molecules

Numerical Investigation of Aerofoil Cascade and Tandem Cascade Using Vortex Panel Method

Panel methods are the numerical schemes for solving linear, inviscid, irrotational flow fields about arbitrary bodies at subsonic free-stream Mach numbers. The basic procedure is to discretize the body in terms of singularity distribution on the body surface then satisfy the necessary boundary conditions. It helps to determine the resulting distribution of singularity on the surface, and there by obtaining fluid dynamic properties of the flow. This project work describes a method for simulating, the potential flow field about the arbitrary two-dimensional bodies using MATLAB program. Even though singularities can be used as sources, doublets, or vortices, at this point the panel method uses the vortex element because it is talented to model both lifting forces and pressures. The numerical codes developed for this purpose computes the circulation, flow velocities, coefficient of lift and coefficient of pressure distribution over various geometries along with the streamline of corresponding bodies. Similarly the flow analysis is done for the same two dimensional bodies using FLUENT flow simulation tool and the results have been compared. The advantages of this numerical scheme over the conventional flow analysis are also presented in terms of reliable flow field data

Synthesis and characterization of surface-enhanced Raman-scattered gold nanoparticles

In this paper, we report a simple, rapid, and robust method to synthesize surface-enhanced Raman-scattered gold nanoparticles (GNPs) based on green chemistry. Vitis vinifera L. extract was used to synthesize noncytotoxic Raman-active GNPs. These GNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light-scattering, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The characteristic surface plasmon-resonance band at ~528 nm is indicative of spherical particles, and this was confirmed by TEM. The N–H and C–O stretches in FTIR spectroscopy indicated the presence of protein molecules. The predominant XRD plane at (111) and (200) indicated the crystalline nature and purity of GNPs. GNPs were stable in the buffers used for biological studies, and exhibited no cytotoxicity in noncancerous MIO-M1 (Müller glial) and MDA-MB-453 (breast cancer) cell lines. The GNPs exhibited Raman spectral peaks at 570, 788, and 1,102 cm-1. These new GNPs have potential applications in cancer diagnosis, therapy, and ultrasensitive biomarker detection

Antibacterial effect of squid ink on ESBL producing strains of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Escherichia coli</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.

338-343Present study consist a novel therapeutics from natural sources to prevent the emergence and proliferation of resistant microbial populations that can make a significant impact in treating clinically challenging microbial infections. Squid ink has proved to play various primary roles in the world of alternative medicine and has widest range of therapeutic applications. Present study is designed to report the antibacterial effect of the squid ink against the ESBL producing strains of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">E.coli and K.pneumoniae. ESBL strains are isolated from patients with typical urinary tract infections. They have been identified microbiologically and characterized by double disc synergy test and plasmid profiles. Active metabolite of squid ink was extracted using solvents and was checked for its antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method. MIC value is determined by microbroth dilution method. Results conclude that the hexane extract of the squid ink scored high antibacterial activity against the ESBL producing strains of E.coli and K.pneumoniae. Present study suggests that squid ink is an enigmatic pigment of therapeutic value in near future for treatment of dreadful infections caused by the ESBL strains