145 research outputs found
Lean Implementation Considerations in Factory Operations of Low Volume/High Complexity Production Systems
The researchers of the Lean Aircraft Initiative developed a hypothesized lean
implementation model seeking to provide its members guidance on implementing lean
transitions in factory operations of low volume/high complexity production systems. The model
features four phases: (1) building a lean infrastructure to support lean behavior, (2)
redesigning the flow of products in the factory, (3) revamping the operations management and
(4) fostering process improvement. An order of implementation is discussed and each phase
has implementation steps as well. Following the development of the hypothesized lean
implementation model, twelve case studies were used to test the model. This report details the
model and analyzes the case studies using the model as a framework
The Repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act and the Federal Reserve's Extraordinary Intervention During the Global Financial Crisis
Juridical and Financial Considerations on the Public Recapitalisation and Rescue of Financial Institutions During Periods of Financial Crises (Part II)*
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Shadow money and the public money supply: the impact of the 2007-2009 financial crisis on the monetary system
This article explores the effects of the political reactions to the 2007–2009 financial crisis on the monetary system. It chimes in with the view that shadow banks create ‘shadow money’, i.e. private substitutes for bank deposits. The article analyses how the three main forms of shadow money – money market fund shares, overnight repurchase agreements and asset-backed commercial papers – were affected by the short-term government intervention and medium-term regulation during and after the 2007–2009 financial crisis in the United States. The analysis reveals that the measures taken between 2007 and 2014 integrated some shadow money forms in the public money supply. In the year after the Lehman collapse, the initially private shadow money supply was either publicly backstopped or de-monetised as it had broken par to bank deposits. The public backstops took on the form of emergency facilities established by the Federal Reserve and guarantees proclaimed by the Treasury. Those backstops imply that the public institutional framework to protect bank deposits was extended to some forms of shadow money during the crisis. This tendency has continued in post-crisis regulation. Accordingly, the 2007–2009 financial crisis has triggered a paradigmatic change in the monetary system, attributable to the political decisions of US authorities
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