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Not AvailableSoy protein concentrate (SPC) was explored as an emulsifier in preparation of rice bran oil based lycopene emulsions. The SPC concentration and high pressure homogenization variables (pressure and number of passes) were optimized using response surface design obtained through Design-Expert Software. Twenty experimental combinations of SPC (0.25 to 1.25 %, w/v); homogenization pressure (10,000 to 30,000 psi) and number of passes (1 to 5) were carried out. The effect of process variables on particle size, polydispersity index and zeta (ζ) potential of lycopene emulsions was studied. The results obtained using analysis of variance and relative standard deviations of responses suggested that the maximum lycopene emulsification efficiency (85.85 ± 3.501 %), minimum particle size (346.90 ± 22.870 nm) and polydispersity index (0.27 ± 0.041) could be achieved at optimum conditions of 0.89 % (w/v) SPC at 25,000 psi in 4 passes through high pressure homogenizer. The emulsions prepared at optimum condition showed good physical stability in terms of ζ-potential (-42.32 ± 1.656 mV) with overall desirability of 0.8175INSPIRE Fellowship by Department of Science and Technology, Go

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Not AvailableThe effect of vacuum packing and ambient storage conditions on the stability of the β-carotene in the transgenic Golden Rice® lines was studied. The β-carotene was quantified using RP-HPLC at bimonthly intervals for a period of six months. The β-carotene concentration in the genotypes analyzed ranged from 7.13 to 22.81 μg/g of endosperm. The transgene being the same in all the genotypes, variation in the β-carotene concentration reflects on the genetic background of the rice variety and the transgene position that governed the differential accumulation of β-carotene. It was observed that in the absence of light, oxidative degradation is higher followed by thermal degradation. Weibull model with higher R2 best explained the degradation kinetics of β-carotene in Golden Rice® lines across all the storage conditions. The knowledge generated through this study can be utilized in devising an effective delivery system for Golden Rice® to the consumer.Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) under "Consortium Research Platform- Biofortification

Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies

Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed.</jats:p